1. The Vomeronasal System Can Learn Novel Stimulus Response Pairings
Karen Marom, Noa Horesh, Asmahan Abu-Snieneh, Amnon Dafni, Rachel Paul, David Fleck, Marc Spehr, Yoram Ben-Shaul 
Cell Reports 
Volume 27, Issue 3, Pages e6 (April 2019)
DOI: /j.celrep
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2. Cell Reports 2019 27, 676-684.e6DOI: (10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.042)
Copyright © 2019 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 1
Mice Readily Learn Arbitrary Reward Associations based on Optogenetic Activation of the MOS
(A) The associative learning task, see text for details.
(B) MOB optogenetic model showing schematics of mice used, fiber target location, and an example section from one brain. Scale bars: top, 500 μm, bottom, 200 μm.
(C) Example of behavior in an early session (51% correct) and a late session (86% correct). In each session, bar directions indicate the location of the tube approached. Green and red trials denote correct and incorrect trials, respectively. Small gray bars indicate aborted trials due to brief poking or excessive time to reach a reward tube.
(D) Training sequence for one mouse. Each bar corresponds to one session; #1 is the first training session with an optogenetic signal. Top: success rates. Open and closed bars represent the 4-4 and random sequences, respectively. Chance performance (50%) and criterion for success on the random sequences (80%) are indicated by horizontal bars. Bottom: laser power for each session. Note that, for this mouse, in order to reach learning criterion, laser power was increased to 40 mW. The first and last sessions for this mouse are shown in (C).
(E) Three consecutive sections from one session showing that light path blocking leads to chance performance and that the mouse’s choice corresponds to the null signal.
(F) Performance on the sections indicated in (E).
See also Figure S1 and Table S1.
Cell Reports  , e6DOI: ( /j.celrep )
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4. Figure 2
Associative Learning via the AOB: The Three Models Used for Associative Learning in the AOB
For each model, we show a schematic of the expression pattern, an actual image from a mouse that learned the task, an example of the training progression, and the mean performance during the random task (with open and blocked light paths).
(A) ChR2 expression in all MTCs. Selective AOB stimulation is obtained by fiber localization.
(B) ChR2 expression in AOB MTCs. Selective AOB stimulation is achieved by viral injection into the AOB, combined with fiber positioning above it.
(C) ChR2 expression in sensory neurons. Selective activation of VSN fibers is achieved by fiber localization.
Open and closed brown bars represent performance on the 4-4 and random sequences, respectively. Open blue bars indicate laser intensity. Note lowering of laser powers once mice learned the task and the reversal (yellow shading) and resumption of the original sequence in (A). Black bars indicate sessions with a blocked light path (with high laser powers). White arrows on magnified images indicate estimated location of fiber tips. Scale bars: on left images, 500 μm; on right images, 200 μm. Bar plots on the right show mean ± SD performance on the random task with open (blue bars) and blocked (black bars) light paths. For these bar plots: n = 8 in (A), n = 2 in (B), and n = 3 in (C).
See also Tables S1 and S2.
Cell Reports  , e6DOI: ( /j.celrep )
Copyright © 2019 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions