1. Trust Distributions

2. General Rule
Trustee has an absolute and unqualified duty to pay the correct beneficiary.

3. Exception -- §
A trustee is not personally liable for a mistake of fact regarding a distribution which is made before the trustee has:
Actual knowledge, or
Written notice.
Of course, trustee must seek return of improperly distributed property.

4. To whom should trustee distribute?
1. As settlor directed in the trust.

5. To whom should trustee distribute?
2. If beneficiary is a competent adult:
To beneficiary
Unless trust provides otherwise
For example, pay expenses directly.

6. To whom should trustee distribute?
3. Beneficiaries with reduced capacity – § Who?
Minors
Person who in judgment of trustee is incapacitated.
Note: Judicial or medical determination of incapacity is not needed.

7. To whom should trustee distribute?
3. Beneficiaries with reduced capacity § Distribution options:
Beneficiary
Guardian of person or estate
Directly for HEMS
Custodian (TUTMA)
Reimburse person caring for beneficiary
Manage as separate fund on B’s behalf subject to B’s right to withdraw

8. To whom should trustee distribute?
4. May trustee deviate from settlor’s instructions?
General rule = no
Seek court permission under §