1. Augmentation of Staphylococcal α-Toxin Signaling by the Epidermal Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor 
Jeffrey B. Travers, Donald Y.M. Leung, Christopher Johnson, Patrick Schlievert, Mariangela Marques, Jason Cosgrove, Keith L. Clay 
Journal of Investigative Dermatology 
Volume 120, Issue 5, Pages (May 2003)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
The effect of staphylococcal α-toxin on PAF production in HaCaT keratinocytes. (A) HaCaT cells were incubated with 2.5 μg α-toxin per ml, and the 1-hexadecyl and 1-palmitoyl sn-2 acetyl GPC species were measured at various times as described in Materials and Methods. (B) HaCaT cells were incubated with the indicated dosages of α-toxin for 5 min, and the 1-hexadecyl and 1-palmitoyl sn-2 acetyl GPC species were measured. The values are expressed as mean±SEM of at least three to four separate experiments using duplicate samples.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
The effect of staphylococcal α-toxin on arachidonic acid release in HaCaT keratinocytes. HaCaT cells were incubated with 2.5 μg α-toxin per ml, and supernatant-associated arachidonic acid was measured at various times as described in Materials and Methods. Each value is the mean±SEM of at least three separate experiments using duplicate samples.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
The effect of PAF-R antagonists on α-toxin-induced arachidonic acid release in HaCaT keratinocytes. HaCaT cells were preincubated with either 10 μM or 25 μM of the PAF-R antagonists WEB 2086 or A for 30 min before addition of 2.5 μg α-toxin per ml, and supernatant-associated arachidonic acid was measured after 60 min The values are mean±SD of duplicate experiments from a single experiment from three experiments with similar results. *Pretreatment of HaCaT cells with 25 μM WEB 2086 and 10 μM and 25 μM A resulted in a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in α-toxin-induced arachidonic acid release.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Effect of overexpression of PAF-AHII on α-toxin-induced arachidonic acid release in HaCaT keratinocytes. HaCaT cells transduced with PAF-AHII (HaCaTMPAF-AHII) or control retrovirus (HaCaTM) were treated with 2.5 μg α-toxin per ml, and supernatant-associated arachidonic acid was measured after 60 min. The values are mean±SD of duplicate samples from a single experiment from three experiments with similar results. *Treatment of HaCaTMPAF-AHII cells with α-toxin resulted in a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease in arachidonic acid release over HaCaTM cells.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Effect of PAF-R expression on a-toxin-induced arachidonic acid release in KB cells. (A) KB cells transduced with PAF-R (KBP) or control retrovirus (KBM) were treated with 2.5 μg α-toxin per ml for various times, and supernatant-associated arachidonic acid was measured at various times. (B) KBM or KBP cells were preincubated with 25 μM of PAF-R antagonists WEB 2086 or A for 30 min before treatment with 2.5 μg α-toxin per ml, and supernatant-associated arachidonic acid was measured after 60 min. The values are mean±SD of duplicate samples from a single experiment from three experiments with similar results.
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
Effect of α-toxin on intracellular calcium levels in KB cells. KBM or KBP cells were loaded with the calcium-sensitive dye Indo-1 and treated with 100 nM PAF, 1 μM endothelin-1 (ET-1), or 2.5 μg α-toxin per ml (α-T). Intracellular Ca2+ levels were calculated at the various times from fluorescent values as previously described (Pei et al, 1998).
Journal of Investigative Dermatology  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions