1. Programming Fundamental
Instructor Name: Muhammad Safyan
Lecture-10

2. Loop Order of movement of control in for loop: First time:
Expression 1-> Expression 2->Loop body -> Expression 3
Second time and onward:
Expression 2->Loop body -> Expression 3

3. Properties of Expression-1
Expression1 can initialize the more than one variable. For example:.
main(){
    int i,j,k;
    for(i=0,j=2,k=1;i<=4;i++) {
         cout<<i+j+k;
    }
Getch();         }
Output:

4. Properties of Expression-1
Expression1 is optional. For example:
main(){
    int i=1;
    for(;i<=4;i++){
         cout<<i;
    }
getch();         }
Output:

5. Properties of Expression-2
Expression2 is also optional. For example:
main(){
    int j;
    
    for(j=0; ;j++){
         cout<<j;
         if(j>2)
             break;
    }
   
Getch();         }
Output: 0 1 2

6. Properties of Expression-2
If expression2 is zero means condition is false and any non zero number means condition is true. For example
 main(){
    int i;
   
    for(i=0;-5 ;i++){
         cout<<i;
         if(i==3)
             break;
    }
Getch();         }
Output:

7. Properties of Expression-2
If expression2 is zero means condition is false and any non zero number means condition is true. For example
  main(){
    int i;
   
    for(i=5;0 ;i++){
         cout<<i;
    }
Getch();         }
Output:

8. Properties of Expression-3
It is called as instrumentation expression. Task of this expression is to increment the variable. Properties:
We can increment more than one variable at the same time in the expression3. For example
  main(){
    int i,j,k;
    
     for(i=0,j=0,k=0;k<=3;i++,++j,k+=2)) {
         cout<<i+j+k;
    }
Getch();         }
Output: 0 4

9. Properties of Expression-3
It is called as instrumentation expression. Task of this expression is to increment the variable. Properties:
We can increment more than one variable at the same time in the expression3. For example
  main(){
    int i,j=0;
    
    for(i=0;i<=3;++i,i++,++j ){
         cout<<i<<”,”<<j;;
    }
Getch();         }
Output:

10. Properties of Expression-3
Expression 3 is also optional. For example
 main(){
    int i;
   
    for(i=0;i<=3; ){
         cout<<i++;
    }
Getch();       }
Output:

11. main(){ Loop body: int i,j=0; for(i=0;i<=3;++i,i++,++j )
Loop body contains the part of code which we have to execute multiple numbers of times.
Properties of loop body:
If loop body contain only one statement then brace is optional. For example:
  main(){
    int i,j=0;
   
    for(i=0;i<=3;++i,i++,++j )
   cout<<i<<j;
    
Getch();         }
Output:

12. main(){ Loop body: int i; for(i=0;i<=10;i++); cout<<i;
Loop without body is possible. For example
  main(){
    int i;
   
    for(i=0;i<=10;i++);
    cout<<i;
Getch();         }
Output: 11

14. for ( int row = 1; row <= 10; ++row ){
for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col )
cout << '*';
cout << '\n'; }

15. for (int row = 10; row >= 1; --row ){
for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col )
cout << '*';
cout << '\n'; }

16. for ( int row = 1; row <= 10; ++row ){
for ( int space = 1; space <= 10 - row; ++space )
cout << ' ';
for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col )
cout << '*';
cout << '\n'; }

17. for ( int row = 10; row >= 1; --row ){
for ( int space = 1; space <= 10 - row; ++space )
cout << ' ';
for ( int col = 1; col <= row; ++col )
cout << '*';
cout << '\n'; }

18. Nested LOOP main() { int i,j; i=1; j=1; while(i++<=100)
while(j++<=200)
if(j==150)
break;
else
cout<<i<<"----"<<j<<"\n"; }
getch();

19. A while loop nested in for loop

20. A while loop nested in for loop
long sum;
int i, j, count=10;
for(i=1; i<=count; i++) {
sum=0;
j=1;
while(j<=i)
//++j;
sum=sum+j;
cout<<j<<"+";
++j; }
cout<<"="<<sum;
cout<<endl;