1. SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS PARKS: A Circular Economy
Presented at:
Good Morning, it is my pleasure to be here and to present for you today this topic relative to Seeking Sustainable Solutions. Sustainable Business Parks or SBPs, or Parks for short, implement the concept of a Circular Economy Vision at a local level.
Presented by:
Chris Lund
Senior Vice President Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc.

2. Outline Circular Economy Vision
Sustainable Business Park (SBP) Concept Development
SBP Master Plan – Specific Project
SBP concept in Virginia
It is my goal today to present to you an understanding of a Circular Economy Vision
The Development of a Sustainable Business Park Concept
Outline a SBP Master Plan for a Specific Ongoing Project – a Case Study
And
Briefly mention an application of SBP concept in Virginia.

3. Circular economy vision
WHAT IS THE Circular Economy Vision? Sounds pretty nebulous - I am sure you have your ideas, - lets use a graphic to help explain

4. The development of a Sustainable Business Park will stimulate the evolution towards a
Circular Economy - a value-added system in which virgin resource inputs, wastes, emissions, and
energy leakages are minimized by slowing, closing, and narrowing material and energy loops to
eliminate loss. With Landfilling as a smaller component and last resort.
This can be achieved through thoughtful design, maintenance, repair, reuse,
remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling of stocks and materials flow. This approach contrasts
the current one-time Linear Economy which is based on a 'take, create, and dispose' model of
production and consumption. VS

5. Circular Economy
Looks beyond the current "take, make and dispose” extractive industrial model (Linear).
Is restorative and regenerative by design.
Relies on system-wide innovation, it aims to redefine products and services to design waste out.
Minimizes negative impacts.
the circular model builds/preserves economic capital, natural resources and social capital (ie – cooperation and market agents produce goods and services not mainly for individuals but for the common good .
State Last bullet only.

6. The Vision: Landfilling as a Last Resort
In this Vision – Landfilling becomes a smaller component and a last resort. This is Estimated Total Value of Materials that has been landfilled in 8 western Michigan landfills had it been diverted before being landfilled.
(LOOK AT SLIDE AND DISCUSS)
Assumed 90% of materials can be sold.
There C&D Disposed here as well, Organic is being address. C&D as much as 15%.

7. The Vision: Landfilling as a Last Resort
Construction & Demolition Debris Processing
Composting
Energy Technology
Materials-specific Processing
Business Incubator
One-to-One Materials Exchange
Research
So instead of landfilling the material commodities - a SBP would have these Potential Business/Functions such as – READ Slide
What is One-to-One materials exchange? Like a goodwill, salvation army, Reuse

8. Sustainable Business Park Concept Development
Active Case Study - Unique. Leadership wants the 90% diversion - came out of vision discussions with GBB. Recycling is below 10% right now. They don’t count their WTE tons as diverted waste.
Kent County, Michigan (County) in Western Michigan has adopted a policy goal to
substantially reduce the flow of waste to its existing landfill, adopting ambitious targets to reduce overall
waste to landfill by 20% in 2020 and 90% by a self imposed mandate. Save landfill space, avoid a green field expansion of the existing landfill. Presently the goal is driven by social and environmental goals. The SBP Master Planning Effort is the Feasibility Study to figure the economics out.
To that end, the County is in the process of developing a Sustainable Business Park Concept adjacent to the Landfill to take advantage of emerging waste disposal and recycling technologies and stimulate the market for locally sourced manufacturing inputs.

9. Sustainable Business Park Concept Development (kent CoUNTY, MICHIGAN)
History
Early Example
Local Development for Kent County

10. History Sustainable Business Parks, known by several names:
Eco-Industrial Parks / EcoParks
Industrial Symbiosis
Industrial Ecosystem
Field: Industrial Ecology - Fairly new: early 1990s
Applies concepts of symbiosis in nature to industry in order to reduce entropy, maximize efficiency, and gain economic edge
Companies in proximity to each other collaborate to use each other's by-products as inputs and share resources when possible.
TALK TO THE SLIDE –
Source:
Symbiosis is a biological term referring to “a close sustained living together of two species or kinds of organisms” (Encyclopaedia Britannica 1992, 14: 1034).
Stable ecological systems are steady-state, entropy-minimizing, highly interdependent collections of producers and consumers (Prigogine 1955).
Entropy, as a measure of disorder in a system, always increases as energy is made available from its chemical potential in fossil fuels and wastes are dissipated in the environment. Regaining the utility of the energy and materials requires reversing the entropic flows which can be done only at the expense of using even more energy. Thus, economic arrangements that minimize the production of entropy have some long-term advantages in the context of sustainability, over and above arguments based solely on efficiency.
entropy-minimizing states in stable biological systems are accompanied by increases in the interdependence among the entities.
Observations of materials flows and energy consumption in industrialized economies indicate highly dissipative usage which translates into entropy-increasing processes (Ayres 1994).
Not sourced, opinion (AS):
The concept of an Industrial Symbiosis, or on a smaller-scale, a Sustainable Business Park, is a well-thought out business plan that purposefully sites companies/industries in proximity of each other in order to collaborate by using each other’s by-products as inputs to maximize efficiency, and sharing resources when possible to gain an economic edge.
Founders of Industrial Ecology:
Industrial ecology was popularized in 1989 in a Scientific American article by Robert Frosch and Nicholas E. Gallopoulos.

11. Early Example Kalundborg Eco-Industrial Park Kalundborg, Denmark
First known Industrial Symbiosis
First companies: 1959
Refinery, powerplant, pharmaceutical plant
Began organizing as a Symbiosis in late 1980s
"a cooperation between different industries by which the presence of each…increases the viability of the others, and by which the demands of society for resource savings and environmental protection are considered" 2
There is more about this on Websites listed here, but in nutshell….talk to slide
1960s s Major facilities (Statoil refinery, Asnaes powerplant, Novo Pharmaceutical plant) locate in Kalundborg, Denmark beginning in Industrial symbiosis activities begin in Kalundborg in 1970s (Gyproc sited to use flue gas from Statoil, Asnaes joins Statoil in piping water from Lake Tisso, Novo begins shipping sludge to farmers). Symbiosis activities continue through the present, with new links formed between existing entities, new facilities located to utilize byproducts, and links that were no longer economically feasible were discontinued. The inter-firm linkages in Kalundborg were ‘uncovered’ through a high school science project in 1989, and the term ‘industrial symbiosis’ was coined to describe the system. Many international publications subsequently disseminated information and the Kalundborg Centre for Industrial Symbiosis was formed in 1996 to help facilitate inter-firm interaction and provide education about the system.
ARGO handles waste for companies in the Kalundborg Symbiosis as well as companies and households in nine municipalities on Zealand. ARGO is a stakeholder owned waste management company. The waste is divided into fractions and recycled and reused as much as possible. The remainder is used for electricity and heat production2 1 2

12. Path Here: Dumps Featuring Open Burning 29 Open Dumps by 1965
LOCAL DEVELOPMENT (Western Michigan)
Path Here: Dumps Featuring Open Burning 29 Open Dumps by 1965
Initially Western Michigan was right where everybody else was.

13. Today – A Western Michigan Integrated Solid Waste Management System including:
Waste To Energy Facility
Landfill
Single Stream
Recycling Facility
Transfer Station
Household Hazardous Waste Centers
Recycling Drop-Off Stations
50 years later. We look like this.
WTE facility agreement – 7 cities, 30 year old system. 3 legged stool could be - WTE, MRF and Park with LF as last resort. LF $38.64 ton, MRF - $35-$45 ton and WTE is $52 ton.

14. Growth from Innovation
Landfill
Regional Manufacturing Center
Regional Medical Center
Regional Financial Center
Regional Education Center
Sustainability Hub
Green Building Center
Western Michigan is a growing community (Includes Grand Rapids, second largest city in Michigan and approx. 1 mil people in the region), high quality of life, with a vibrant Manufacturing sector. All that translates to growth in waste as well.

15. County Waste to Energy Facility
Two lines; room for a third
678 TPD average processed in 2014
Third line could be as large as 500 TPD (Covanta)
Current contracts end in 2023
WTE Facility Coming up on 30 years of operations, contracts ending in 5. This is one of the WM legs. Does this need to be invested in? With the County’s new diversion goals this is an Open question.

16. GBB Zero Waste to Landfill Study
Purpose
Scope
Identify opportunities for the County to work with industries to increase Zero Waste to Landfill (ZWLF) options in the region
GBB and SRG hired to investigate
Communicate with major regional industries interested in ZWLF
Determine feedstock available for processing/conversion
Evaluate approaches and technologies
Essentially the County’s goal is a ZWLF approach - this is where GBB started. Conference discussions that lead to us helping them on thinking very generally - their Interests/ and Options for ZWLF - We partnered with Sustainable Research Group – based locally – advisory committee, meets monthly on plans, programs and solutions.
THEN SLIDE

17. GBB Zero Waste to Landfill Study (cont’d)
Methodology
Collect data about the regional manufacturing marketplace
Conduct meetings with four manufacturers
GR Label
Haworth Corporation
Herman Miller, Inc.
Trendway Corporation
Do independent research
Develop three generalized project concepts
Analyze information
What were the three project concepts? Onsite processing conversion of MDF, Expand third line, Gasification facility - SBP

18. GBB Zero Waste to Landfill Study (cont’d)
Conclusions
Recommendations
Industry has high interest in ZWLF
Significant fuel supply
Reusable MDF supply possibly
County has land for SBP
The Right Place wants to help
Develop MOU with The Right Place to advance ZWLF projects with manufacturers
Involve other strategic partners
County participates as long as industries do
Develop conceptual site plan for the SBP
County expand offerings to provide recycling technical assistance to commercial waste generators
Concluded that there was interest and influence -
The Right Place (economic Development organization) - Trying to recruit businesses into the county. They want to be a regional hub - come on in.
READ Recommendations
SAY - Next step is to broadcast this concept, this vision.

19. Kent COUnty Sustainable Business Park Master Plan
Video

20. Current Site Plan
Instead of using these 200 acres for future landfill, we will develop a Sustainable Business Park that:
Lays the critical infrastructure to support a regional circular economy
Leverages private sector development
Attracts business to localize the entire recycling or conversion process
Preserves open space
Expands research
Generates and uses renewable energy
Begins to close the loop in West Michigan
200 acres permitted for landfill. A Different vision of the future is now being explored – advancement of a system to use technology to close the loop in Western Michigan.

21. Kent County SBP Master Plan
The vision is that SBP will replace the need for consuming significant landfill resource continuously
GBB Team will identify the type of technologies and tenants that could inhabit the SBP to be the missing link between the waste stream and the final consumer.
Develop a Master Plan for the design and construction of public infrastructure to support the businesses locating into the SBP.
Research and describe potential funding sources for both the SBP infrastructure improvements and the potential SBP tenants.
Evaluate how the waste management services provided by the SBP tenants might interact with Kent County’s existing waste management infrastructure
The vision is that SBP will replace the need for consuming significant landfill resource continuously
with an estimated three (3) major and 3-5 smaller SBP tenants.
Likely larger tenants could be a mixed-waste processing facility (MWP), an organics processing facility as well as an energy facility that takes residue from MWP.
The smaller tenants may be waste processers who manage specific waste streams or who convert recovered materials into intermediate or final products. Off-site users of engineered fuel produced should also be considered.

22. Kent County SBP Master Plan
Stakeholder Meetings and Facility Tours
Existing Condition Analysis (Local A&E on team)
Waste Stream and Market Analysis
Funding Sources
Technology Overview & Analysis
Put out RFI and Evaluate Results of the RFI
Conceptual Site Development Plan
Conclusions & Recommendations
So we know the What? Now what? We have structured how to get there with the following - from the Vision – to the reality.
Remember now, you have stakeholders from one community and you have driven leadership, yet to do they all have the same vision of what this will look like? Lets get them started with a baseline - Stakeholder meetings – this is the beginning of a Year long process. Then Facility tours help establish a common language on what things can look like.

23. Stakeholders Meetings
Held November 14-16, 2017 in Grand Rapids
Participants included:
Business/economic development
Haulers
Regional Manufacturers
Municipal Officials
Environmental Groups
Maintain engagement throughout process
6 meetings over 3 days. Stakeholders selected, requests sent out. Input worked into the RFI. Community informed. Used a PR firm – great partner in this effort.
Example - on the Manuf. Side the ZWTLF – they wanted the 1000 tpd highlighted as well as the powder coating (wood waste) - RFI is saying – hey figure this out for us.

24. Facility Tours
Team of County representatives visited several advanced waste processing facilities
San Jose, California during the week of March 19, 2018.
California leader in implementation of policies, programs and technologies that promote recovery and recycling of discarded materials and diversion of waste away from disposal in landfills.
Over a two and half day period, the County team visited six material processing facilities
Facilities included publicly and privately-owned systems processing
residential and commercial single stream recyclables
mixed MSW
yard waste
source separated organics
construction and demolition waste (C&D) and
a product reuse center.
After engaging stakeholders, they then went on tour with Kent County - Facility visits give real world examples – they become relateable to the stakeholders. Main decision makers, elected officials and stakeholder chair - Folks that can hold the vision and with these visits they now have a common language to work off of – a baseline. Bringing them through this helps . Most people have trepidation about going down this road – its unfamiliar.
So what better way to get started than to take them to sunny California - GO TO SLIDE

25. Facility Locations
The GreenWaste Recovery Material Recovery Facility (GreenWaste) in San Jose, CA;
The Sunnyvale Materials Recovery and Transfer Station (SMaRT) in Sunnyvale, CA;
The Monterey Regional Waste Management District (MRWMD) campus in Marina, CA;
The Zanker Recycling (Zanker) facility in San Jose, CA;
The Zero Waste Development Company facility in San Jose, and,
The Republic Services Newby Island Resource Recovery Center (Newby Island) in Milpitas, CA

26. Request for Information
Purpose to identify
Active technology/equipment suppliers
Project developers
Technology developers
Endmarket users
Interested in developing a project and advancing DPW’s economic and environmental goals
Design
Build
Finance
Own
Operate
Seeking information and qualifications from companies who present innovative
Waste processing technologies
Waste conversion technologies
Other beneficial technologies
Next step was to go Formal RFI online, GBB wrote all of the RFI documents and responded to questions throughout this process.
With this Request for Information (RFI), County is seeking information and qualifications from companies
(Respondents) who present innovative waste processing, conversion, or beneficial technologies and are
interested in developing a project within the Sustainable Business Park. The purpose of this RFI is to
identify active technology/equipment suppliers, project developers, technology developers, and endmarket
users that desire to design, build, finance, own and/or operate facilities that will advance the
County’s economic and environmental goals.
So this is the Why for the County, but what is the Why for potential respondents? Whats the incentive? Why not wait for the procurement? What is the incentive to submit on an RFI? ………….. Technologies are looking for an entry point – for this type of opportunity entities came to pre-meeting.
Many of these companies have venture capital backing them and they need to be pursuing these opportunities aggressively to help shape the future procurements that do come out.

27. Request for Information (Cont’d)
Respondents will be expected to
Provide solutions to significantly reduce the tonnage of material that require landfill disposal
stimulate demand for recycled commodities
Respondents can present
large-scale (greater than 250 ton per day in capacity)
medium-scale (between 50 and 250 tons per day in capacity)
and small-scale (less than 50 tons per day in capacity)
Technology status will be categorized as
Commercially-Proven (i.e. commercially viable technology with operating reference facility or facilities);
Commercially-Demonstrated (i.e. proven technology without a Commercially-Proven reference facility or facilities)
Pilot (i.e. start-up/emerging technology with a functioning prototype prepared for deployment on a trial basis).
TALK TO SLIDE –
More of an open acceptance of technologies - Didn’t just need to be commercial proven
The County seeks processes, technologies, or combinations thereof that will significantly reduce the tonnage
of material that require landfill disposal at the South Kent Recycling & Waste Center as well as other
disposal facilities in the region, and stimulate demand for recycled commodities across various sectors in
the Midwest.
The DPW will consider submissions from Respondents presenting large-scale (greater than
250 ton per day in capacity), medium-scale (between 50 and 250 tons per day in capacity), and small-scale
(less than 50 tons per day in capacity) solutions. Technology status will be categorized by Respondents as
Commercially-Proven (i.e. commercially viable technology with operating reference facility or facilities);
Commercially-Demonstrated (i.e. proven technology without a Commercially-Proven reference facility or
facilities) or Pilot (i.e. start-up/emerging technology with a functioning prototype prepared for
deployment on a trial basis). The criteria for categorizing the technology status is provided in the
Submission Requirements section later in this document.
Table 1 presents the Desired Offerings Matrix and describes the level of scale and technology status that
will be appropriate as a potential tenant of the Sustainable Business Park:

28. Desired Offerings Matrix
Jist of slide is a summary of the slide before. Kent co open to Pilot

29. the RFI is out and we have received submittals – 23 respondents in all
the RFI is out and we have received submittals – 23 respondents in all. Good community engagement generated this response.
Very favorable response - Large, medium and small scale responses a like. Many of these RFIs don’t even get off the ground with a single response. We owe it to the messaging of this opportunity for the positive response received.

30. Master Plan Tasks to be completed
Evaluate RFI responses;
Conceptual site development;
Research funding sources;
Evaluate how SBP tenants might interact with existing waste management infrastructure.
This is where we are at……. We just received the RFI responses last week and will be Working with our Financial partner PFM to evaluate responses.
Evaluation is dynamic - any tech, any scale, groupings, and fit into the infrastructure - This is the human brain effort – experience. This is a snapshot – how do they compare with each other, themselves, and with Kent County resources. Stay tuned – I will look forward to keeping you up to date on this going forward. There is also the County’s website as well.

31. Application of SBP Concept in Virginia

32. Sustainable Business Park in Virginia
Prince William County Renewable Energy Park
Attributes:
Specific Subset of a SBP that focuses on energy recovery
County has expressed desire to save landfill space – ie use sparingly as possible
Organics Project– Free State Farm - final approvals expected. Anaerobic energy production system, compost by-product
Future project looks at energy product from MSW and produces energy. Small MWP unit included
Others?
I would be remiss in not mentioning the significant efforts of the Prince William County Initiatives –
Nationally the recent legislative focus has been on organics for some time but more recently - We are all being impacted by China Markets and so we have to change how we do business,……….. expanding our circular model so we are not held captive by sending it across the world to reach markets.
QUESTIONS????
POINT OUT - Ash Monofil for precious metals - Highlighted item in the RFI. Don’t need to wait for Park to happen, Inashco, and LabUSA and Purerecovery
Lot of people talk about Phoenix as having a Resource park - but not really there yet – I understand it did not tie the vision to industry. We engaged industry and community together for the Kent County SBP Vision.

33. Website: www.gbbinc.com
Thank you!
For More Information:
Chris Lund
Senior Vice President
GBB Inc
Website: