1. The Chemistry of Life, Chemical reactions and Enzymes 2-4
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
The Chemistry of Life, Chemical reactions and Enzymes 2-4

2. Chemical reactions need help to get started.
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
Chemical reactions need help to get started.
Ex: A fire needs a match to get it started.

3. The energy required to get a chemical reaction STARTED
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
The energy required to get a chemical reaction STARTED
Is called _________________
ACTIVATION ENERGY
ACTIVATION ENERGY
REACTANTS
PRODUCTS

4. ___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS HAPPEN FASTER CATALYSTS
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
___________ HELP CHEMICAL REACTIONS HAPPEN FASTER
CATALYSTS
Catalysts work by ___________ the
ACTIVATION ENERGY required to get a chemical reaction started.
DECREASING

5. IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL
Once it gets to top . . .
it can roll back all by itself

6. CATALYSTS in Living Things
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
CATALYSTS in Living Things
In living systems PROTEINS that
act as catalysts to control chemical reactions are called
= _________
ENZYMES

7. PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
PROTEINS CAN BE ENZYMES
ACTIVE SITE
ENZYME
SUBSTRATE
ENZYME-SUBSTRATE
COMPLEX
ENZYME Unchanged
& Reusable
PRODUCTS

8. to only _________of _________.
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
ENZYMES fit like
a lock and key
to only _________of _________.
Enzymes are UNCHANGED by the reaction and REUSABLE.
ONE KIND
SUBSTRATE

9. FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
FACTORS THAT AFFECT ENZYME ACTIVITY
___ & __________
Conditions that are TOO ACIDIC
or TOO HOT cause proteins to
UNWIND or DENATURE pH
temperature
See a movie

10. 2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
Denaturing changes the shape of the ______________ so enzyme can’t bind to ____________
ACTIVE SITE
SUBSTRATE
_______________ (keeping pH and temperature constant) is important for maintaining ENZYME FUNCTION
HOMEOSTASIS

11. Many enzyme NAMES end in _____
2-4 Chemical Reactions & Enzymes
-ASE
Many enzyme NAMES end in _____
and the beginning of the name tells what it does
DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes”
joins monomers to make DNA
Protease=
breaks down proteins
ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP