1. Lesson 44: Ablative Absolutes Dependent Participial Clauses
In the last lesson you learned how participles can be translated in dependent clauses
tibi librum lectum donabo
Simple: I will give the having been read book to you
Relative: I will give the book to you which has been read
Causal: I will give the book to you because it was read
Temporal: I will give the book to you when/after it has been read
Conditional: I will give the book to you if it has been read
Adversative: I will give the book to you although it has been read
nota bene – the participle lectum describes the direct object in the main sentence

2. Lesson 44: Ablative Absolutes Independent Participial Clauses
Ablative absolutes are different from the clauses of lesson 43 in that they are INDEPENDENT clauses
The noun in the ablative absolute is “free” from the rest of the sentence e.g. in the sentence below the duty is not directly connected to the master or departing
Ablative absolutes are often (but not always) placed at the beginning of the sentence, separated by a comma and a combination of participle & noun
All words in the ablative absolute are, duh, ablative
officio facto, dominus discessit

3. Lesson 44: Ablative Absolutes Translating Ablative Absolutes
officio facto, dominus discessit
Simple – with the duty having been done, the master departed.
Temporal – after he did his duty (after the duty was done), the master departed.
Causal– because he did his duty (because the duty was done), the master departed.
Adversative– although he did his duty (although the duty was done), the master departed.
Conditional – if he did his duty (if the duty was done), the master departed.