1. Slide Presentations for ECE 329, Introduction to Electromagnetic Fields, to supplement “Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Sixth Edition” by
Nannapaneni Narayana Rao
Edward C. Jordan Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Distinguished Amrita Professor of Engineering
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

2. 5.1 Gradient, Laplacian, and the Potential Functions

3. Gradient and the Potential Functions

4. B can be expressed as the curl of a vector.
Thus
A is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Then

5. F is known as the electric scalar potential.
is the gradient of F.

7. Basic definition of
From this, we get

8. Potential function
equations

9. Laplacian of scalar
Laplacian of vector
In Cartesian coordinates,