1. Implementation of Drupal: An Effective Content Management System for
Space Applications Centre Library
Rachna Patnaik
Scientist/Engineer “SG” and Head, Library & Documentation Division,
Space Applications Centre, ISRO
Ahmedabad
NACLIN, 2018
4-6th October, 2018

2. Content Management System (CMS)
Content management system allows collaborative creation of website.
Allows to concentrate on content i.e. text, image, audio, video, etc. rather than on layout.
Create and publish content in a standard format without knowing any programming language.
CMS
Content management application Content delivery application
Front-end user interface that CDA compiles information allows a user to add, modify, and updates the website.
remove content from a website.
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3. Drupal CMS It is an open source CMS.
Licensed under the General Public License (GPL).
Better community i.e. thousands of people work together to continuously improve Drupal modules, themes and distributing them.
It is easier to use, more flexible, more scalable.
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4. Minimum Requirements for Drupal1
Server
2 GHz Dual-core Architecture 2
Operating System
64 bit 3
Memory (RAM)
4 GB 4
Hard Drive
120 GB 5
Web Server
Apache, Nginx, Lightttpd or Microsoft IIS 6
Database Server
MySQL or higher, PostgreSQL 8.3 or higher, or SQLite 3.X 7
PHP
It is a programming language to create dynamic content
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5. Installing Drupal
Download Drupal : From its official site
Download and install XAMPP package : Installs Apache, MySQL, PHP and Perl.
Creating the database: Create a database and database user using phpMyAdmin before running installation script .
Create settings.php and the files directory: For Drupal to work the entire information about database is stored in settings.php file.
Run the installation scripts and set up the files directory.
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6. Customization in Drupal
Customization is easy as extra modules and functional components are freely available and can be easily installed.
The template engine of the CMS focuses on the design of the website.
The design and layout is configured with Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML) and Cascading Style Sheet (CSS).
Content can then be added to the site and can be customized.
Administrator can create new users and assign privileges.
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7. Architecture of Drupal Layers
Themes
User Permissions
Blocks & Menus
Drupal Core
Modules
Nodes (Content)
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8. Architecture of Drupal
Drupal’s is architecture is modular and has five layers :
1. Node: Piece of content on website i.e. page, forum, comment etc.
2. Modules: Core modules : Modules are functional plugins that are shipped with Drupal.
Contributed items: Created by members of the Drupal community.
3. Blocks and Menus: Blocks: Provides the output from a module and can be placed in various regions in the theme layout.
Menus are navigators in Drupal, which define the content coming on each defined menu path (relative URL).
4. User permissions: User permissions are configured according to their roles.
5. Theme: On the top layer is the theme which is made of XHTML and CSS and can be used to change the look and feel of the website.
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9. Workflow of Drupal Drupal Administrator Users Web Server PHP Database
Give permission to users to login
Users login to Drupal
Drupal
Web Server
PHP
PHP sends user code via web servers like apache, IIS etc.
Drupal users PHP to run user code
Access user data from database and send back to user
Database
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10. Implementation of Drupal in SAC Library
SAC library designed, developed and implemented an interactive website using Drupal 7.38 CMS on Centos 7 platform in bilingual format.
Web 2.0 tools have been incorporated in the website so that after becoming member one can participate in discussion forums and send feedback.
Various online forms were designed and implemented for online submission to the website.
Ask the Librarian was also incorporated.
It has a facility for site search i.e. search the website content and link to other external links.
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11. Additional Modules were installed: 1. Clock -- to display time.
2. Date -- to display date.
3. Backup and Migrate -- for site Backup and Restore.
4. FAQ Field -- for Frequently Asked Question.
5. Menu Block -- for menu settings.
6. Menu Target -- for opening link in new window.
7. Qforms -- Used for creating online forms.
8. Scroll to Top -- for scrolling bottom to top directly.
9. Views – For RSS Feed.
10. Visitors -- for hit counts.
11. SMTP -- to enable based services.
12. CAPTCHA -- CAPTCHA code for security.
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12. Implementation of Drupal in SAC Library
The website content is divided into two broad categories:
Information about the library – Its resources, services, working hours, general forms, users’ guide, circulars, staff list, FAQs, etc.
Access to library content - OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue), CD/DVD collection, Institutional Repository, NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning) videos, Current Awareness Service, online resources, etc.
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13. SAC Library Website
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14. Add Content in Website - Nodes
Basic Page : Static content
Book Page : Hierarchical navigation
Forum : Discussion
Webform : For forms
Album : Create photo albums
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15. Modules
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16. Structure
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17. Blocks
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18. Menus

19. Menu Link
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20. Menu Link – CD/DVD Access
Menu Link – Institutional Repository
Menu Link – CD/DVD Access
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21. People and Permissions
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22. Theme (Appearance)
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23. Usage of Library website
SAC library also developed library portal for ISRO/DOS consortia “Antariksh Gyaan” using Drupal CMS. This portal is accessed by all ISRO/DOS community users.
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24. Security feature in website
As library link is provided on organizational Intranet additional security feature was incorporated.
A captcha image was incorporated on "Request New Password" page to prevent automated spam submissions.
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25. Security feature in website
Feedback it was limited to authorized users.
User name & address was prefilled fetching data from session login.
The Text Field length of "Feedback" was restricted to 1000 characters to avoid spamming.
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26. Conclusion
Care must be taken while selecting an open source content management system.
SAC library website is a real and livid example of how CMS can help in providing and marketing library services from a single interface.
Monitoring usage logs and user feedback can help in providing better services to users.
Thus, a successful website will not only enhance the learning and research environments of the organization but will also contribute to a better informed and more open society.
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27. NACLIN, 2018