1. Presentation on 5GHz/6GHz Issues
Andy Gowans OFCOM (UK)
Presentation on 5GHz/6GHz Issues
04 July 2019

2. Update 5GHz and the WRC -19

3. WRC 19 and opportunities for Wi-Fi
MHz – New Opportunities possible:
US proposing up to 4W EIRP,
Japan proposing up to 1W EIRP with mask
CEPT have adopted a position that supports controlled outdoor usage in the band.
MHz - no change to the RR is only proposal supported worldwide, but:
Outdoor use allowed under current rules in RR and utilised by US/Canada up to 1W EIRP in their regulations, maybe able to do this elsewhere with lobbying.
Current rules in CEPT 200mW (indoor only) due to strong incumbent representation on protecting EESS services in the band.
MHz - No change (i.e. no RLAN allocation) to the RR is only proposal supported.
5725–5850 MHz – Some new Opportunities possible:
Some countries who already allow RLAN use (US/Canada) reluctant to propose a worldwide or regional allocation in the RR due to possible implementation of DFS in rules.
CEPT will most likely adopt “no change” but still look at a possible harmonisation deliverable within CEPT for the countries who would wish to open the band.
Asia (APT) support new mobile allocation for RLAN use
MHz - no change to the RR is only proposal supported worldwide, but,
already mobile allocation in the band so RLAN use could be adopted on a national or Regional basis if ITS sharing issues solved.

4. Possible New Regulations for Wi-Fi use in 5.1GHz
Figure A1: Existing 5 GHz RLAN channels and the channels that are available in the UK and elsewhere in the world
US/Canada and Japan have opened/or intending to open up 5150 – 5250 MHz for outdoor usage, China also indicated an interest to allow outdoor use, US/Canada allow up to 4 W EIRP and Japan looking to allow up to 1W EIRP similar to rules in 5250 – 5350 MHz (i.e. EIRP elevation mask).
CEPT have proposed controlled outdoor usage in 5150 – 5250 MHz and to formalise the usage of use inside vehicles such as road transport and trains under indoor usage in the RR. If lobbied by Wi-Fi community,
Some European regulators may support a ECC deliverable for controlled outdoor usage as French studies indicate with registration to keep outdoor use below 2-3 % sharing is achievable.

5. Possible New Regulations for Wi-Fi use in 5.8GHz
Figure A1: Existing 5 GHz RLAN channels and the channels that are available in the UK and elsewhere in the world
Special rules in UK for channels overlapping boundary at 5725 MHz to use 1W EIRP
UK allow licence exempt use up 200mW EIRP (no fixed outdoor use) and outdoor BFWA use up to 4 W EIRP under a registration scheme
UK rules to be added to EN (5GHz RLANs)
Other European countries indicated they are looking to allow Wi-Fi use in the band
CEPT agreed new work item on possible new harmonisation deliverable for wi-fi use in 5.8GHz
ETSI BRAN are to initiate a new work item on a Technical Report to look at implementing mitigation techniques used by ITS and WIA to protect incumbent services in 5.8Ghz (road tolling and radar)

6. The ITS problem in Europe (EU28/CEPT)

7. Road ITS and urban rail – sharing issues
COMPETING SPECTRUM USERS A BIG ISSUE
ITS Road vs Urban Rail
Wi-Fi vs ITS in 5.9GHz
V2X vs V2V communications
ITS technologies LTE V2X vs G p
Demarcation between commercial and safety related ITS
Harmonisation, how much spectrum is needed?
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi
LTE-LAA, Multi-fire
Urban Rail infrastructure rolled out today in France up to 5935 MHz and Denmark up to 5975 MHz .
Trams Road-ITS not Urban Rail ITS
5.9 GHz
64 GHz
5.9 GHz
64 GHz
Bluetooth, Wi-Fi
LTE-LAA, Multi-fire
C-ITS
ITS network infrastructure being rolled out today across Europe. The A2/M2 project in UK is part of a European connected corridor which runs thro’ to Germany.

8. ITS and urban rail – current rules
ITS Spectrum and Characteristics:
5.9 GHz  None Line-of-sight m
63 GHz  Line-of-sight > 100m
UK/European Spectrum regulations
Mandatory
MHz, EC decision 2008/671/CE and ECC decision ECC/DEC/(08)01, for safety-related ITS application, a.k.a. Cooperative ITS (C-ITS) and vehicle-to-x communications (V2X)
Optional
MHz, ECC recommendation ECC/REC/(08)01, for non-safety ITS applications shared with SRD/ISM
MHz, ECC Decision ECC/DEC/(08)01, as extension band for ITS
62-64 GHz, ECC decision ECC/DEC/(09)01
Possible Global Harmonisation (WRC-19)
Agenda Item 1.12 looking at possible harmonisation in the MHz and the GHz ranges

9. Planned Output
CEPT Reports 70 and 71 – Proposals for modification of related Commission Implementing Decisions (to be discussed within DG Connect / Radio Spectrum Committee meetings).
Revision ECC Decision (08)01 – ITS (safety-related) in /5935 MHz.
Revision ECC Recommendation (08)01 – ITS (non-safety) in MHz.
Inclusion in ERC/REC 70-03, e.g. Smart Tachograph and Weight and Dimension applications.
Revision ECC Decision (09)01 on ITS in 63 – 64 GHz (part of the review of the band 57 – 71 GHz).

10. ETSI studies looking at different ITS technologies
Road ITS - ITS-G5 and LTE-V2X. LTE-V2X uses in the 5.9 GHz band only the PC5 air interface. ITS-G5 is based on IEEE /11p specifications. V2X based on 3GPP LTE spec
Urban Rail (CBTC) ITS: DSSS/TDMA, full or modified IEEE technology, OFDM based, 3GPP TD-LTE (used in China at 1.8 GHz, not implemented in Europe yet).
ETSI Working on 2 TRs looking at sharing issues:
TR on co-channel co-existence between ITS-G5 and LTE-V2X
TR on feasibility & performance of solutions for shared use of 5.9 GHz spectrum by ITS-G5 & LTE-V2X
Perhaps some of the solutions from EN could provide solutions for ITS co-existence!!!

11. 6GHz in Europe (EU28/CEPT)

12. Wi-Fi in 5925 – 6425 MHz
The European Commission produced a Mandate on WAS/RLAN (5925 – 6725 MHz) for CEPT in December The mandate asked CEPT to carry out 2 tasks under the mandate.
Task 1 – Assessment and study of compatibility and coexistence scenarios in the band MHz
Task 2 – Development of harmonised technical conditions
A new System Reference Document (TR ) was also developed within ETSI (TC BRAN) to give more technical, operational and usage information on WAS/RLAN systems.
As a result two new Project Teams were established by CEPT to carry out the technical studies and develop CEPT Reports in response to the mandate WG FM (FM57 ) and WG SE (SE45).

13. Wi-Fi in 6 GHz Studies Incumbent services in 6GHz
Fixed Satellite Service (FSS)
Fixed Service (FS) Pt to Pt links
Urban Rail(ITS) (in some countries)
Adjacent services
ITS (Road and Rail)
Radio Astronomy
FSS FS
Europe has similar issues to the US situation but probably less complicated.

14. 5.925 – 6.425
Benefits
Possible future allocation to RLAN for indoor and outdoor usage
Already Co-primary allocation for Mobile
No DFS requirements
Costs
Possible sharing constraints with fixed links and fixed satellite services
May need re-farming of current Fixed Links to other bands.

15. Relevant issues to note in 6GHz studies
Possible RLAN use in 6GHz (5925 – 6425 MHz)
CEPT/EU only studying up to 6425 MHz, FCC studying up to 7125 MHz
Main co-channel studies to be with P to P Fixed links and FSS (E to S)
Other adjacent band issues studied are with RAS sites and ITS use (including urban rail)
SE45 took account of FSS and ITS analysis from previous 5.8GHz studies and the initial guidance on further studies
From the conclusions of the 5.8GHz FSS sharing results, further studies looking at activity factors, apportionment and footprint sizes were recommended.
6GHz is green field band for WLANs tech so no legacy technologies expected only new technologies (e.g ax, LAA/5GNR), for activity factors this and the demand for higher data rates was taken into account.
Previous ECC Reports looked at ITS sharing with adjacent band technologies
Did not look at the timing aspects of sharing between ITS and WLAN
IEEE ax (Wi-Fi 6) was used in the studies as example technology:
Will increase the efficiency of WLAN networks (aim to be 4x the throughput of ac)
use OFDMA and be the only standard in 6GHz band initially(i.e. no legacy standards)
We expect 3GPP technologies to be ax like and unlikely to effect assumptions on WLAN activity factors.

16. Conclusions from ECC Report 302 and results of SE45 6GHz studies (1)
Average RLAN activity will be lower in 6GHz band compared to 5GHz
The 5GHz studies looked at activity factors based on per household AP in the busy hour with a value of 10% estimated per AP. In the 6GHz studies the RF activity factor is given per person during the busy hour.
RF activity factor of 1.97% per person was calculated on projected European data demand in 2025 and the duty cycle measurements for constantly streaming HD video to devices.
The activity factor per person can be converted to an RF activity factor per household to compare with 5GHz results by multiplying 1.97% by the average no of people per household.
SE45 took account of previous FSS studies in 5.8GHz band with updated activity factors, apportionment, indoor/outdoor ratio and footprint sizes with the following results:
Allowing for up to 2% outdoor usage with max EIRPs up to 1W sharing was feasible
Using the same assumptions allowing up to 5% outdoor usage sharing was marginal
Unrestricted outdoor usage with high power would cause interference to FSS
For ITS and CBTC analysis (no timing aspects) sharing is feasible with the following limitations:
WAS/RLAN usage would be limited to indoor and/or reduced power levels (in band and/or out of band limits).
Studies have also shown that one part of a solution to solve receiver blocking issues, would be to insert a guard band of 5 MHz between CBTC use and WAS/RLAN use. 18

17. Conclusions from ECC Report 302 and results of SE45 6GHz studies (2)
Sharing with Fixed Service :
Based on the results of studies, sharing between the FS and WAS/RLAN could be feasible with appropriate technical conditions and regulatory models.
Some studies performed showed that interference may occur is certain situations but this assumed co-location of intended deployment of fixed outdoor access points (APs) and deployment of the FS. This interference can be addressed by further regulatory restrictions (e.g. determining the geographic location and limiting density of fixed APs operating outdoors).
In order to reduce the risk of interference to FS from devices that maybe operating under a general authorization, some additional techniques/restrictions may need to be applied in order to maintain the indoor usage or to mitigate its effect in case of accidental outdoor use.
Low-power(LP) indoor access points and very low power(VLP) portable devices that can operate outdoor could coexist with FS.
High-power indoor and outdoor deployments may require additional technical and or regulatory solutions like databases used for coordination, in particular, a geo-location method that aims at detecting a spatial closeness between victim and interferer.
Further studies to confirm what the power levels for LP indoor and VLP devices should be done to provide adequate protection to FS services in the band. In particular VLP use outdoor and in vehicles.
Sharing with Radio Astronomy
Based on the MCL studies carried sharing seems feasible with LP indoor and VLP devices 19

18. Further work in Europe on 6GHz
EU/CEPT:
The results of ECC Report 302 were reflected in draft CEPT Report A?? in response to EC mandate on 6GHz RLAN use. It is now going through a public consultation process.
WGFM agreed to carry out work on a possible ECC Decision for 5925 – 6425 MHz
Further theoretical studies and bench testing primarily concentrating on Fixed Links sharing scenarios may be carried out in SE45 and FM 57 as part of the work on the CEPT Report B.
Studies will look at providing final technical conditions for low power indoor APs and VLP client devices.
OFCOM has no policy on possible RLAN use in 6GHz bands at present but we support the ongoing studies and are trying to ensure that they are done correctly, using reasonable parameters.
ETSI BRAN
New WI discussed on possible Harmonized Standard (HS) for WAS (RLAN ) in the MHz band to be done in parallel with further work in CEPT on EC Mandate and ECC Decision for possible RLAN use in the 6GHz band.
Some debate already in ETSI BRAN between different technology vendors on what the standard should contain regarding polite protocols/adaptivity etc.
Ofcom had a specific view during the discussions on adaptivity requirements within EN for WAS(RLAN) in 5GHz bands due to possible consumer protection issues for incumbent users.
Ofcom would adopt a technology neutral view in the case of the EN for 6Ghz band as it is a virgin band with only new technologies expected to be used in the band. 20

19. 6 GHz European/US Timeline
Draft Report “A” from CEPT to EC
July
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021 +
EC Mandate
Study
SE45 Sharing Study Complete
April
Final Report B from CEPT to EC
Final Report A Draft Report B
March
Draft Report A approved by WG FM WI on ECC Decision WI for a 6 GHz HEN launched in TC BRAN June
ETSI 6 GHz HEN published in OJEU
SE45 Sharing Study Under Way
EC Decision
ECC Decision
FM57 & SE45
created
ETSI SRDoc
TR issued TR
published
ECC Report approved
May
Current date
ECC WI
MHz
(NPRM Reply Phase Comments
February
WFA Spectrum Needs Study
FCC Notice Of Inquiry (NOI)
August
FCC Notice Of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM)
October
products expected to ship in US for 6GHZ band
FCC
Report & Order
WRC -19 China promoting possible future IMT agenda items in 6GHz
Oct/Nov

20. Thank You!