1. Phylum Chordata

2. Protostome vs. Dueterostome Development Chordates and Echinoderms have deuterostome development, and so are considered related.

3. Subphylum Cephalochordata- Lancelets Subphylum Urochordata- Tunicates
Objectives: Describe characteristics of phylum Chordata, compare to other phyla. Examine key evolutionary developments within the vertebrates. S4, C4, PO 5: Analyze how patterns in the fossil record, nuclear chemistry, geology, molecular biology, and geographical distribution give support to the theory of organic evolution through natural selection over billions of years and the resulting present day biodiversity.
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata- Lancelets
Subphylum Urochordata- Tunicates
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Myxini- Jawless fishes
Class Chondrtichthyes- Sharks & Rays
Class Osteithchyes- Bony Fishes
Class Amphibia- Amphibians
Class Reptilia- Reptiles
Class Aves- Birds
Class Mammalia- Mammals

4. Phylum Chordata

5. Phylum Chordata At some point in the lifecycle, all Chordates have :
Dorsal hollow nerve cord
Notochord
Pharyngeal pouches
Post-anal tail

6. Phylum Chordata

7. The Notochord allows for more effective movement.

8. The Notochord allows for more effective movement.
Lancelets are filter feeders with no brain.

9. Tunicate anatomy

10. Tunicate Larva- shows chordate characteristics

11. Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
All Chordates have one.
Only sub-phylum vertebrata has a spine.

12. Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
The nerve cord is continuous with the brain.

13. Pharyngeal Pouches
All Chordates have pharyngeal pouches at some stage in their development.

14. Pharyngeal Pouches
In some aquatic chordates, such as fish, the pharyngeal pouches become gills.

15. Pharyngeal Pouches
In humans the pharyngeal pouches become part of our ears, tonsils and thyroid glands.

16. Post-anal Tail

17. Post-anal Tail
Remember, some chordates do not have all these features (such as a post-anal tail) as adults, but at some stage in their development.