1. This lesson is for both investigation and artefact projects.
Teacher ONLY slide
This lesson is for both investigation and artefact projects.
Lesson info
This lesson is to get the students to think about what primary research is and start to think about what they need for their ptojects
Slide info
Slides 2 – 6 – What is primary research
Slide Looks at the different methods of primary research
Slides 11 – 24 Quickly go through Looks at the way to record responses for questions. This part of the PowerPoint is also available in student resources for the students to use as a reference guide.
Slide 25 Activity - To design and create their primary research (2 methods). They must be able to analyse quantitative and qualitative data that will help achieve their aims and objectives and then ultimately able to answer their question in the conclusion.
Homework –
Students to write up the analysis of one item of research.
Half term homework – to complete the analysis one method of the primary research

2. Lesson 10 – Primary Research

3. Plan FINISH! Planning of Investigation Introduction
Aims and Objectives
Rationale
Introduction to Secondary Research
Secondary
Research
Write up
Introduction to Primary Research
Primary Research
Conclusion
Evaluation
Bibliography & Appendices
FINISH!
This is where we are now.

4. Primary Research?
New and original research that has been carried out to address a specific question or issue – your project!

5. Why conduct Primary Research?
As well as finding information for your Individual Project on the Internet, you must also carry out your own research
Your primary research should focus on achieving the aims of your project.
Adds to the quality of your research

6. How will this research be used?
You will need to analyse the results from your primary research
This can be done through quantitative and qualitative methods
Quantitative – analysing data / numbers such as graphs and tables where you can analyse the data
Qualitative – what are people’s opinions on your artefact / question?

7. Types of Primary Research
Questionnaire
Interview
Focus groups
Observations
Prototype
Experiments
Letters/ s

8. How will this research be delivered
How will this research be delivered? Questionnaire, Observation, Interview?
Method
Good for….
Not so good for….
Other notes
Questionnaire
When you need to know “how many..”
When you need information about a group statistically.
Ideal for collecting numerical data
Can suffer from experimenter bias
Can include Likert scales, open and closed questions.
Observation
When you want to observe naturally occurring behaviours in natural environments.
Gathering any more information other than what happened in that snapshot of time
Observer bias- what one person interprets one way another may see in a very different light.
Interview
Recording information from a none frequent event
Small sample size means it can be hard to generalise across a population.
Difficult to analyse data
Sample is small and may give a skew or bias view.
Experimenter bias- when participants give the answer they think the person carrying out the research wants to hear rather than their real feelings

9. Which methods should I use?
For the ARTEFACT Individual Project –
Feedback on your prototype and perhaps a focus group / interview in your development record booklet
For the Individual Project –
Conduct maximum 2 methods of primary research
Questionnaire
Interview
Focus groups
Observations
Prototype
Experiments

10. What do you want to know?
I want people to give me answers to questions that will back up what I’ve found out with my secondary research but also help achieve my aims
Be clear about the goal of your research – you are trying to achieve your aims.
Decide which methods will suit your project.
What will it accomplish? 
What do you want to find out?
What information do you require - Opinions, Preferences, Ideas, Priorities, etc?

11. Questionnaires
“a set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study”. Google

12. Types of Questions
Two important aspects are structure of the questions
and the types of response formats for each question.
There are many different types of questions.
The most common are closed and open questions.

13. What questions will you ask?
Open Questions
Closed Questions
Participants are able to respond in any way they wish
Participants are restricted in the way they can respond.
This is good because
The questions are less likely to lead participants and there is no indication of the response anticipated.
Participants can give as much detail as they wish and may open up lines of enquiry not previously considered.
It is easier to analyse data.
It is easier for the participant to respond and so they are more likely to complete the questions in full.
There is less opportunity for misinterpretation of the question
This is bad because
Data is hard to analyse.
Participants may go off on a tangent and not answer the question asked.
Participants are limited to what responses they can give and may not feel comfortable with the responses offered.

14. Closed (or multiple choice) questions
Respondent choose an option and are asked to tick or
circle the chosen answer.
These questions provide data which is easy to
present in the form of a chart, graph or table.

15. Two choices questions This type should be limited to only 1 or 2.
Q. Did you watch television at all yesterday?
Yes / No
Do not present in pie chart or bar chart, just
state a fraction or percentage.

16. Multiple Choice questions
Q. Which of these shops do you prefer?
Next / River Island / Top Shop / Primark
Present as bar chart if interested in how many for each option but use a pie chart if proportion of the whole is important.

17. Rank order Please indicate, in rank order, your preferred
chocolate bar, putting 1 next to your favourite
through to 5 for your least favourite.
Double Decker ……..
Crunchie ……..
Wispa ……..
Mars Bar ……..
Creme Egg ……..
Present as a table or component bar chart

18. Number scales Make sure categories do not overlap, they
must be mutually exclusive.
1. How old are you?
Under – – – – or more
2. How often do you watch TV on a typical day?
Less than 1 hour – 3 hours more than 3 hours
Present as bar chart if interested in how many for each option but a pie chart if proportion of the whole is important.

19. Agreement scale 4 options ensure a choice is made, with 5
options many choose the middle.
How much do you agree with the following
statement?
Assessment by coursework is easier than
assessment by examination.
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree

20. Rating scale 1. How would you rate this product?
Excellent Good Fair Poor
2. On a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 is not interested at all and 5 is very interested.
3. How interested are you in using this exhibit in an
exhibition?
Present as bar chart if interested in how many for each option but a pie chart if proportion of the whole is important.

21. Open-ended Questions Respondents answer in their own words.
These questions can be difficult to analyse.
Should be at the end of the questionnaire.

22. Type of questions When thinking about your questions for your research
Think about how you can present your data
For example

23. 100% of people said that they liked sales
Class discussion is this useful or is it a blob on a page?

24. 50% of people asked said they likes sales in the 2nd quarter.
Is it still useful if you know that only 4 people were asked in total?
Class discussion how statistics can be misrepresented using graphs and charts

25. Analyse what this information / data shows.
Plan for your primary research
Stage 3
Collate results and draw graphs
Stage 2
Carry out your research
Stage 1
Designing your research (2 methods)
The aim of PRIMARY research is to find information / data that will help achieve your aims and objectives.
Analyse what this information / data shows.
Task get students to design a questionnaire with at least 10 questions. Check that the questions help achieve their aims and that they are setting suitable questions. They can design their questions using a document “Designing my questionnaire” located in stresources – Welsh Bacc – Year 11 – Individual Project – Lesson 11 and also there will be a copy of this powerpoint in the same location.
Note: Artefact students will need to continue with their development record book (stresources – Welsh Bacc – Year 11 – Individual Project – Artefact Project – File “Development Record Book”)
Stage 4
Analyse and write up results
Primary Research Activity: stresources – Welsh Bacc – Welsh Bacc Year 11 – Individual Project – Lesson 11 _ Designing my questionnaire