2. Welcome to CMPE003 Personal Computers: Hardware and Software Dr. Chane Fullmer Fall 2002 UC Santa Cruz

3. October 9, 20022 Class Information Midterm #1 – This Friday, October 11, 2002. – Covers Chapters 1 through 5. – Bring you Student ID. – Multiple choice Requires Scantron #F-1712-ERI-L (pink) ~50 questions – No makeups after the fact

4. October 9, 20023 Assignments Homework #3 – Due October 18 – Design your own Webpage – Keep in mind --- The world at large will see your page Dont put private or sensitive information on your Webpage. – Details and sample – see class page – http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/classes/cmpe003/Fall02/

5. Input and Output: The User Connection Chapter 5 Part B

6. October 9, 20025 Output Information for the user Types –Screen – soft copy –Printer – hard copy –Voice –Sound –Graphics

7. October 9, 20026 Monitor (screen) Data that is entered appears on the screen Screen is part of the monitor

8. October 9, 20027 Monitor C athode R ay T ube (CRT) Flat panel display L iquid C rystal D isplay (LCD) Gas Plasma Display

9. October 9, 20028 CRT Raster scanning Sweeping electron beams across the back of the screen Phosphorous coating on back of screen Glows when hit by a beam of electrons Phosphorous loses glow and image fades and flickers Image must be continually refreshed

10. October 9, 20029 CRT Refresh rate / scan rate Number of times electron beams refreshes the screen Process also used for television 80-100 times per second adequate for clear screen image –60 Hz is problematic – Why??

11. October 9, 200210 CRT Interlaced vs. Non-interlaced Interlaced –Refresh every other line on each pass –Lower refresh rate without flicker –Good for fixed graphics –Causes flutter with animated graphics –Inexpensive Non-interlaced –Refresh every line on each pass –Typical of screens sold today

12. October 9, 200211 CRT Color vs. Monochrome Color –Typical monitor sold today Monochrome –Green or amber on a contrasting background –Less expensive than color –Typically used on terminals

13. October 9, 200212 CRT Resolution Clarity of image Pixel (Picture element) –Dot on screen –Is addressable –Can be illuminated –More pixels means higher resolution Dot pitch –Distance between dots –Smaller distance means better quality image

14. October 9, 200213 CRT Graphics Card/Graphics Adapter Board Plugs into expansion slot on motherboard Graphics card and monitor must be compatible for high quality image

15. October 9, 200214 CRT Size Measured diagonally Typical sizes –Office user: 15-17 inch –High-powered graphics user: 19 inch –High-end monitors: 21 inches and up Larger size –More expensive –More space on desktop –Reduces eye strain

16. October 9, 200215 Graphics Standards PCs Monitor Graphics boards Software Help insure that the products work together

17. October 9, 200216 Graphics Standards SVGA (Super VGA) –Resolution – 800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1280 x 1024, 1600 x 1200 pixels –16 million colors –Number of colors displayed simultaneously limited by amount of video memory XGA (Extended Graphics Array) –High resolution –Supports more simultaneous colors –Allows non-interlaced monitors

18. October 9, 200217 Flat-panel Screens Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Primarily on laptops Moving to desktop Skinny (depth) regardless of size

19. October 9, 200218 Flat-panel Screens Crisp, brilliant images Easy on eyes No flicker Full dimension is useable More expensive that CRT monitors

20. October 9, 200219 Flat-panel Screens Active Matrix –Thin-film transistor technology (TFT) –Transistors for each pixel –Brighter image –Viewable from an angle Passive Matrix –Fewer transistors –Cheaper –Less power –Images can appear fuzzy

21. October 9, 200220 Printers Produce information on paper Orientation –Portrait –Landscape Methods of printing –Impact –Nonimpact

22. October 9, 200221 Impact Printers Line printer One line at a time High volume Low quality Dot-matrix printer One character at a time

23. October 9, 200222 Nonimpact Printer Laser Printer

24. October 9, 200223 Nonimpact Printer Laser Printer Transfers images to paper using a light beam Prints one page at a time 600-1200 dpi – High quality Speed –Personal laser printers: 8-10 ppm –Network laser printers: 35-50 ppm –High-volume laser printers: up to 1000 ppm Black & white / Color

25. October 9, 200224 Nonimpact Printer Ink-jet Printer Spray ink at paper Black & white / Color Excellent graphics Good quality Slower than laser

26. October 9, 200225 Nonimpact Printer Choose based upon: Speed Quality Black & white vs. color Price

27. October 9, 200226 Sound Creates multimedia output Multiple sight and sound effects Speakers Sound card

28. October 9, 200227 Voice Output Speech Synthesis Enables machines to talk to people Types –Voice synthesizers –Voice output devices –Audio-response units Converts data in storage to vocalized sounds Synthesis by analysis – human sounds are stored and reproduced as needed Synthesis by rule – creates artificial speech

29. October 9, 200228 Voice Output Speech synthesis Uses Automobiles Telephone surveys Catalog order is ready Your payment is late reminder Santa Cruz Public Library –Overdue notices

30. October 9, 200229 Music and Other Sounds MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) –Communicates between MIDI devices and computer –Rules that produce and process digital music signals –MIDI information tells synthesizer When to start and stop playing a note Volume Modulation Software is available for composing and editing per MIDI standard

31. October 9, 200230 Terminals Device that provides input and output capabilities Dumb terminal – Keyboard and monitor – Connects to host for processing Intelligent terminal – Keyboard, monitor, memory, and processor – Connects with host Point-of-sale terminal (POS) – Input and output device – Captures retail data

32. October 9, 200231 Computer Graphics Business Education Science Sports Computer art Entertainment

33. October 9, 200232 Business Graphics Types –Maps –Charts Help –Compare data –Spot trends –Make decisions quickly Attention-getting Updated instantaneously Rendered quickly

34. October 9, 200233 Video Graphics Animated graphics Prepared one frame at a time Examples –Animated films Monsters Inc. (Pixar) –Commercials without humans –Arcade games

35. October 9, 200234 CAD/CAM Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAD – Computer Aided Design –Software creates 2-D and 3-D designs CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing –Controls production equipment CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) –Bridge between design and manufacturing –CAD/CAM integrated into manufacturing process –Provides balanced, efficient production process

36. October 9, 200235 Ethics and Data Computer data can be –Used –Sold –Altered What is legal? What can you trust?

37. October 9, 200236