1. Your Cardiovascular System

2. Myth:
Fact:
Blood is blue in color.
Blood is brightened when carrying oxygen & dark red when it is not. Veins appear blue in some people because of the way light reflects off their skin!

3. Delivering materials: Your heart pumps your blood, which carries substances your body needs, like glucose
Removing wastes: Transports wastes from your cells, like carbon dioxide
Fighting disease: Blood contains cells that attack micro-organisms that cause disease
FUNCTIONS!

4. THE HEART Your heart is about the size of your fist!
Blood travels from the right side of your heart to your lungs & picks up oxygen
Then, it returns to the heart, where it is pumped out & circles through the rest of the body delivering oxygen!
THE HEART

5. HEART STRUCTURE Imagine your heart as a house!!!!!!!!!!
The right side & left side are separated by a thick wall
Two chambers (rooms!) on each side:
Atrium (upper rooms)
Ventricle (lower rooms)
Valves are between each atrium & ventricle & allow blood to flow in only one direction (doors!)
HEART STRUCTURE

6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NF68q hyfcoM&feature=related
HEART = HOUSE!!!!

7. YOUR HEARTBEAT Two main phases: Pacemaker
1st- Heart relaxes & fills with blood
2nd- Heart contracts & pumps blood
Pacemaker
Small group of cells that regulate the rate at which your heart contracts
Receives messages from the brain to increase or decrease heart rate
Average rate is about beats per minute when you are not active
YOUR HEARTBEAT

8. If all of the blood vessels in your body were placed end to end, they could wrap around Earth more than two times!!
Three major types:
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
BLOOD VESSELS

9. ARTERIES These are blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart
They carry oxygen-rich blood
Largest is the aorta
Arteries = Red
ARTERIES

10. CAPILLARIES Smallest blood vessels in the body
Branch from the smallest arteries
Help with temperature regulation (shrink to keep heat in & expand to let heat escape)
Oxygen & nutrients diffuse through capillary walls into cells
Wastes diffuse through capillaries into blood
CAPILLARIES

11. Large, thin-walled blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Skeletal & smooth muscle help to squeeze blood in veins back to the heart
Veins = Blue
VEINS

12. Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of your blood vessels
Two types:
Systolic- pressure caused when the heart’s ventricles contract
Diastolic- pressure caused when the ventricles are relaxed
BLOOD PRESSURE

13. INTERPRETING BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure is recorded as the systolic pressure over the diastolic pressure
Example
120/80
120 is systolic; 80 is diastolic
Normal
Falls between 90/60 & 119/80
Low
Lower than 90/60; organs may not be receiving enough oxygen
High
Over 140/90; called hypertension
INTERPRETING BLOOD PRESSURE

14. BLOOD Plasma Liquid component of blood Makes up about 55% of the blood
Carries waste products to the kidneys
BLOOD

15. Red Blood Cells
Cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of your body
Contain hemoglobin
Reaction between oxygen & hemoglobin give blood it’s red color
BLOOD

16. BLOOD White Blood Cells Help protect you against disease
Some make chemicals that help your body resist diseases
Some destroy invading micro-organisms by surrounding them and destroying them
BLOOD

17. BLOOD Platelets Cell fragments
They release proteins called clotting factors
They form a plug, or scab, around a cut
BLOOD

18. CARDIO DISEASES Hypertension High Cholesterol Heart Attack Stroke
Arrhythmia
CARDIO DISEASES

19. A person who consistently has a blood pressure of 140/90 & greater
Heart must work extra hard to pump blood because of damage to blood vessel walls
Heart may weaken & fail to pump blood
Known as ‘Silent Killer’ – most people have no symptoms
HYPERTENSION

20. Occurs when tissue in the heart does not receive its normal blood supplies & dies
Cause is usually a blood clot
Risk factors: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity & smoking
Warning Signs:
Uncomfortable pain/pressure in center of chest
Pain spreading to shoulder, neck or arm
Dizziness
Fainting
Sweating
Extreme anxiety
Nausea
Shortness of breath
HEART ATTACK

21. STROKE Sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain
Artery to brain is either blocked or bursts
Brain damage from strokes can effect speech, senses, comprehension, behaviors & memories
Paralysis on one side of face common
1/3 of stroke cases result in death
Warning Signs:
Sudden, severe headache for no reason
Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg
Loss of speech
Trouble understanding
Trouble talking
Sudden loss of vision
Unsteadiness
Dizziness
Sudden Falling
STROKE

22. BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LDL (low-density lipoproteins)
Bad or lousy
Becomes a component of plaque that builds up on artery walls
Can develop atherosclerosis (artery wall thickens & hardens)
Should be lower than 129 mg/dL
HDL (high-density lipoproteins)
Good or healthy
Cleans your arteries of excess cholesterol and brings it to the liver
Should be higher than 40 mg/dL
BLOOD CHOLESTEROL

23. ARRHYTHMIA Irregular heartbeat
Normal to experience from time to time, however when they occur all the time there might be a problem
Some arrhythmias are signs of serious heart conditions, like the pacemaker not working properly
ARRHYTHMIA

24. KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!
Exercise!
Blood pressure decreases
HDL levels will increase
Heart muscles strengthen
Stress levels lower
KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!

25. KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!
Diet!
Limit intake of processed & fried foods (they increase LDL levels)
Eat high fiber foods
Limit salt intake
KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!

26. KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!
Avoid smoking!
Tobacco products damage blood vessels, which leads to the development of hypertension
Smokers are two to three times more likely to have a heart attack than nonsmokers
KEEP YOUR HEART HEALTHY!