1. Characteristics of Life

2. Is the Flame Alive?

3. Biology Biology is the study of life.
Study of all living and once living organisms

4. Characteristics of Living Things
Living things are made up of cells
Living things are based on a universal genetic code
Living things grow and develop
Living things respond to their environment
Taken as a group, living things evolve.
Living things obtain and use material and energy
Living things maintain a stable internal environment
Living things reproduce

5. All Living Things are Made of Cells
The cell is the smallest unit capable of all life functions
Some organisms have only one cell (unicellular) or can have many cells (multicellular).

6. Living Things are Based on a Universal Genetic Code
All organisms store the information they need to live, grow, and reproduce in a molecule called DNA.

7. Living Things Grow and Develop
A fertilized egg divides again and again.
As these cells divide, they differentiate and perform different functions.

8. Living Things Respond to their Environment
Organisms detect and respond to stimuli from their environment.

9. Taken as a Group, Living Things Evolve
Organisms change to be better suited to the environment.

10. Living Things Obtain and use Material and Energy
All organisms need to take in materials and energy to grow
Combinations of chemical reactions through which organisms build up or break down materials is called metabolism.
Catabolism – Break down/Release energy
Anabolism – Build/Absorb Energy

11. Living Things Maintain a Stable Internal Environment
All organisms have to keep their internal environment stable even when the external environment changes.
This is called homeostasis.

12. Homeostatic Mechanisms
Systems that maintain homeostasis by controlling
Body Temperature
Body fluid composition
Blood Sugar
Gas concentrations
Blood Pressure

13. Body Temperature

14. Body Fluid Composition

15. ADH Anitidiuretic Prevents dilute (water filled) urine
Signals for the reuptake water
Thirsty – ADH is released
Alcohol blocks ADH receptors

16. Blood Sugar

17. Fever
An increased body temperature helps the immune system to work more swiftly.
However, if your body is too hot for too long, the proteins that help your body to function will denature.
Why do you feel cold when you have a fever?
The body maintains a constant temperature of 98.6 F
In order to raise the temperature of your body, the Hypothalamus tricks your body into thinking it’s cold.
As a result, your body shivers and entices you to hide under blankets to get warm.
Whenever, the fever breaks, the Hypothalamus tricks your body into thinking it’s warm.
As a result, you throw off the blankets and sweat to cool your body down.

18. Respiratory Rate
If there’s a build up of CO2 in the blood, it will turn very acidic.
Chemoreceptors in the Aorta signal to the Medulla Oblongata to breathe faster

19. Living Things Reproduce
Must pass on genetic information.
Altruism?
Most plants and animals engage in sexual reproduction.
Cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism.
Asexual reproduction is when a single organism creates identical offspring of itself.