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Fig. 2 Biosynthetic pathways of anthocyanins and related flavonoids

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1 Fig. 2 Biosynthetic pathways of anthocyanins and related flavonoids
Fig. 2 Biosynthetic pathways of anthocyanins and related flavonoids. Names of flavonoids are shown under their ... Fig. 2 Biosynthetic pathways of anthocyanins and related flavonoids. Names of flavonoids are shown under their chemical structures. Names of flavonoid classes are boxed. Abbreviations of enzyme names are: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; Ch4′GT, chalcone 4′-glucosyltransferase; AS, aureusidin synthase; CHI, chalcone isomerase; IFS, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase; HID, 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase; FNS, flavone synthase; F3H, flavanone 3-hydroxylase; DFR, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase; ANS, anthocyanidin synthase; UA3GT, anthocyanidin 3-glucosyltransferase; FLS, flavonol synthase; F3′H, flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase; F3′5′H, flavonoid 3′5′-hydroxylase. Note that F3′H can also utilize naringenin and F3′5′H can utilize eriodyctyol and dihydroquercetin as substrates, though they are not shown in this figure. Cy-, Pg- and Dp-type anthocyanins generally show crimson-red, orange-pink and violet-blue color, respectively, as shown in the background, although there are exceptions. The yellow petal color that arises from chalcones, aurones and flavonols is typified in cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus), snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and camellia (Camellia chrysantha) (Tanikawa et al. 2008), respectively. Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please Plant Cell Physiol, Volume 56, Issue 1, 10 July 2014, Pages 28–40, The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.

2 Fig. 1 Proposed biosynthetic pathways of viodelphin and cyanodelphin in the delphinium.
Unless provided in the caption above, the following copyright applies to the content of this slide: © The Author Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please Plant Cell Physiol, Volume 56, Issue 1, 10 July 2014, Pages 28–40, The content of this slide may be subject to copyright: please see the slide notes for details.

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