1. The final product of the DNA blueprint
PROTEINS
The final product of the DNA blueprint
Hemoglobin

2. Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it”
Antibodies – fight disease

3. Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it”
Receptors – part of cell membrane, recognize other proteins and inform the cell (“The Door Bell”)

4. Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it”
Enzyme that digests insulin
Enzymes – assemble or digest

5. Why are proteins important?
“When the body has something it needs to do, it is a protein that does it”
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters and hormones – trigger the receptor (“finger on the doorbell”)

6. Why are proteins important?
Channels and pores – holes in the cell membrane

7. What determines the role or function of a protein?
Shape – click for examples

8. What determines the shape of a protein?
Amino acids are building blocks of proteins
Amino
Group
Acid

9. What determines the shape of a protein?
20 different amino acids each with their own size, shape, and charge

10. What determines the shape of a protein?
Amino acids are connected by peptide bonds

11. Four levels of structure
Primary Structure – Sequence of amino acids.

12. Four levels of structure
Secondary Structure – some chains form an alpha helix (coil) or a beta sheet (accordion).

13. Four levels of structure
Tertiary Structure – How all of the helices and sheets fold together.

14. Four levels of structure
Quaternary Structure – some proteins are made of more than one subunit.

16. What is denaturing?
Denaturing – Losing shape. Proteins that have lost their shape can’t function correctly.
What can cause a protein to denature? VIDEO

17. How does the body know how to make proteins?
DNA sequence.
If nucleotide order is changed:
- sequence of amino acids is changed.
- Shape of protein is different.
- Protein loses function.
Cystic Fibrosis Video – “Cracking the Code” Chapter 9 – it’s in the DVD drive ;)

18. Genetic Testing Video
CLICK HERE WATCH “When a DNA Test Shows a Lethal Fate”