1. IMO GLOBAL SULPHUR LIMIT 2020, IMPACTS TO MAJOR FLAGS AND MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS
AND OPERATORS
2019

2. IMO GLOBAL SULPHUR LIMIT 2020 MARPOL ANNEX VI REGULATION 14
The IMO global sulphur limit 2020 is the new regulation approved by the IMO that requires ships to use fuel oil with a maximum sulfur content of 0.5% mass by mass compared to the current 3.5% to reduce emissions of sulphur oxide, a substance that contributes to environmental pollution and the destruction of the ozone layer.

3. Implementation Timeline•

4. •

5. IMPACTS TO FLAG STATES
The regulation 2020 implies to flag states the following:
Major control and supervision in Port State Control.
Fines and cancellations of registration due to non-compliance.
Risk of entering black and grey list.
Claim risk due to inadequate fuel blending and casualties.

6. OPTIONS TO THE INDUSTRY TO COMPLY the IMO 2020 standard
The shipping companies are considering three possible solutions to adapt to the regulations, each with its advantages and disadvantages:
A fuel oil with a maximum sulfur content of 0.5% mass / mass.
Approved equivalent methods, using fuels with a higher concentration of sulfur combined with Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems (EGCS), known as "scrubbers" that "clean" the gases before emitting them into the atmosphere.
Other types of fuel with low or zero sulfur content such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), or biofuels.

7. What surcharge the shipping companies will apply for the IMO 2020?
The investment made by the shipping companies, either in fuel or in new infrastructures to adapt their ships, may end up being reflected in freight rates. The most common terms for these surcharges are:
. BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor). . EBS (Emergency Bunker Surcharge). . BUC (Bunker Contribution). . BRC (Bunker Recovery Charge).

8. IMPACT TO SHIPS INDUSTRY
Investments in new technologies.
Use of cleaner fuels.
Increase in freight rates and services programmed demands of the market.
Checking of sales policies with regard to fuel surcharges.

9. MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS

10. . MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS
Experience Building Phase: IMO MEPC 73.
The purpose of the experience-building phase (EBP) is to allow the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) to monitor the implementation of the 0.50% m/m global fuel oil sulphur limit under MARPOL Annex VI.

11. . MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS
Experience Building Phase:
EBP includes data collection and analysis to allow MEPC to identify aspects of implementation that are working well and to shed light on issues that are less effective and require further attention. EBP also includes a systematic and evidence-based process for reviewing and possibly improving the regulatory framework under MARPOL Annex VI.

12. MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS Experience Building Phase.
Experience Building Phase
Data Collection: In Progress.. Next IMO MEPC 74.
It is proposed that the IMO Secretariat could generate basic statistical results or reports based on the data collected in the GISIS module.
Analysis report key areas:
.1 fuel oil availability and non-availability.
.2 non-compliance with sulphur limits under regulation 14.
.3 fuel oil quality issues and resulting technical/operational challenges.

13. MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS Experience Building Phase.
MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS
Experience Building Phase
Data Collection:
It is highly recommended to present the results of the analysis on both a regional and a global basis. Regional results will help to identify "hotspot" areas in terms of non-availability or, conversely, abundant compliant fuels.
The analysis could also be used to help resolve discrepancies with ports reporting availability while also identified in non-availability reports.

14. MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS
ECOSHIP Incentives
Panama Maritime Authority (AMP) offers a series of incentives within the registry for ships or fleets of ships that have adopted energy efficiency measures ("ecoships").
This measure encourages shipowners to implement best practices, both technical and operational in terms of energy efficiency and environmental protection.
Since 1 January 2016, the Panama Registry, committed with the reduction of GHG emissions from international shipping, implemented a special ship discount based on a formula related to the attained and required energy efficiency design index (EEDI).

15. MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS
Issuance of Merchant Marine Notice
Ship Implementation Plan for the Consistent Implementation of the 0.50% Sulphur Limit under MARPOL Annex VI

16. MEASURES TO HELP SHIPOWNERS AND OPERATORS
Approval of Exhaust gas Cleaning Systems

17. CONCLUSION
The shipping industry is faced with several options ahead of 2020 with no silver bullet solution.
All the different options will be assessed by all the involved parties and they will have to choose one that they consider the most cost effective, suitable for their operations, and commercially sustainable for the long term.

18. ¡THANK YOU!
2019