1. Experimental Testing of Drift- Sensitive Nonstructural Systems – Year 4 The Pathways Project San Jose State University Equip Site: nees@berkeley

2. Project Management Team Kurt McMullin – Structural Engineering San Jose State University Bozidar Stojadinovic – Structural Engineering U.C. Berkeley Winncy Du – Mechanical Engineering San Jose State University Thuy Le – Electrical Engineering San Jose State University Kathi Rai – Building Engineering SensiBuild

3. Drift Sensitive Systems of Buildings Exterior façade. Precast concrete cladding. Glass punch-out windows. Vertical plumbing riser. Inflow riser. Outflow riser. Defined in FEMA-356 as nonstructural elements controlled by drift rather than acceleration.

4. Project Overview Static testing of one-story prototype of cladding, punch-out windows and plumbing. Sensor testing of plumbing leakage. Deconstruction of materials. Data-mining and pre-processing for structural analysis.

5. Timeline Project runs from Oct 2006 to Sept 2011. Main testing scheduled for Fall/Winter 2010. Current phase: Construction of specimen Finalize instrumentation design Fabrication of testing jig

6. Column Covers Spanning vertically between spandrels are the column covers.

7. Column Covers

8. Punch Out Windows Completing the exterior enclosure are the windows, installed in the opening between panels.

9. Test Specimen One-story, One-bay articulated frame allows for no resistance from gravity/lateral load carrying system. Specimen Design Ground Floor – Tall panels that cover first floor of building Typical Floor – Short panels that cover all floors above first floor.

10. Test Specimen Specimen Features Engineering – panels and connections – to obtain strength and deformation data Architecture – panels, connections, windows, grouting – to obtain aesthetic damage data and system interaction data.

11. Test Specimen Loading Protocols Proto1 – Cyclic loading with increasing amplitude of drift – 10% max. Proto2 – Displacement time history from 9-story LA SAC frame.

12. Test Matrix – Ground Floor Test 1 Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen Test 2 Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen Test 3 Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

13. Test Matrix – Typical Floor Test 4 Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen Test 5 Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen Test 6 Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

14. Panel Construction Panel formwork. Flat panel and return panel.

15. Panel Construction Panel formwork. Flat panel and return panel.

16. Panel Pin Connection Pin connection at base of flat panel. Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

17. Panel Pin Connection Pin connection at base of flat panel. Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

18. Casting Concrete Casting of flat panels in early September 2010. 5000 psi concrete.

19. Casting Concrete Casting of flat panels in early September 2010. 5000 psi concrete.

20. Finished Panels Finished panels at fabrication yard. Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA.

21. Finished Panels Finished panels at fabrication yard. Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA.

24. Full-Width Flat Panel

25. Half-Width Flat Panel

26. Return Panel

29. Slotted Connections

30. Pin Connections

35. Loading Beam

36. Actuator on each side of loading beam

37. Reaction Wall

38. Out-of-Plane Bracing

39. Seismic Resistance Seismic joint at return panels. Approximate width of 2 inches.

40. Expected Progression of Damage Closing of slip connection. Spandrel above moves with upper level slab.

41. Expected Progression of Damage Closing of seismic gap. Return panels tilt with out-of-plane frame. Pounding between adjoining column covers.

42. Expected Progression of Damage Fracture of pin connection. Overturning of column cover results in fracture of pin at base.

43. Expected Progression of Damage Crushing of window glass. Tipping of column covers results in racking of glass panels.

44. Expected Progression of Damage Failure of push- pull connections and instability of out-of-plane panel.

45. Developing Fragility Curves Defining types of damage: i.e., window cracking, panel connection fracture. Record drift when damage is first seen for each item of each test. Plot probability that an event was seen by a certain level of drift.

47. Limitations of Fragility Data Limited sample size of test specimens. Some events will not occur to each component before maximum drift of test is applied. Mixture of tall panels & short panels, flat panels & return panels, large windows & small windows.

48. Plans for Year 5 Testing and data processing for main specimens. Deconstruction and adaptive reuse of panels. Verification of sensor technology. Dissemination of findings. Data transfer to repository.

49. For More Information We are constantly looking for collaboration on all aspects of the project. Project Sponsored by National Science Foundation – Grant No. 619517. Project website at: http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/~pathway/ Email me at: kurt.mcmullin@sjsu.edu