1. General scheme of intracellular Ca2+ cycling.
General scheme of intracellular Ca2+ cycling. Ca2+ can enter the cell via Ca2+ channels and, in some situations, via the Na+—Ca2+ exchanger (NCX). Ca2+ can be released from sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) via Ca2+-release channels, including ryanodine receptors and inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate receptors. Ca2+ is removed from the cytosol by SR/ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), cytolemmal Ca2+-ATPase, Na+—Ca2+ exchange and the mitochondrial uniportor.
Shi Qiang Wang et al. J Exp Biol 2002;205:
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