1. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 1 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 The results of GRB patrolling by HEND instrument onboard 2001 Mars Odyssey A. Sanin, S. Charyshnikov, V. Grinkov, A. Kozyrev, M. Litvak, I. Mitrofanov, V. Tretyakov Institute for Space Research K. Hurley Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley T. Cline NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center

2. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 2 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 What is Gamma-Ray Burst?

3. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 3 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Astrophysical Task of HEND Experiment: Registration of gamma-ray bursts irradiance to high precession determination of sources locations by interplanetary triangulation method. Scientific Goal: To detect gamma-ray bursts with time accuracy around 10 мsec. Optical afterglow of GRB 990705 with host galaxy

4. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 4 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Gamma-Ray Burst HEND Subsystem Size of CsI crystal: - height 5.5 cm - external diameter 5.5 cm - wall thickness 1 cm Time resolution: 0.25 sec, 1 sec. Spectral range: 30 keV – 1 MeV (0.25 sec) 60 keV – 2 MeV (1 sec) 16 channels in both ranges Continues data flow.

5. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 5 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 HEND Participations in the Third Interplanetary Gamma-Ray Burst Timing Network (IPN 3 ) Interplanetary spacecraft: Ulysses, heliocentric orbit, < 3000 light sec from Earth HEND, Mars orbit, < 1200 light sec from Earth Spacecraft near Earth: KONUS - WIND HETE-2 RHESSI Integral Based on http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov

6. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 6 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 The concept of the space triangulation method to determine sky location of transient source using data of several interplanetary detectors

7. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 7 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 HEND contribution to IPN: registration moment and time profile, obtained from interplanetary position Event T HEND T CEB T UT Odyssey trajectory information (CSPICE) Odyssey Coordinate TIME & Position of S/C

8. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 8 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 HEND autoburst data distribution system Event HEND CEB Odyssey JPLUofA IKI Data Request by e-mail Distribution data to community Database Automated burst system

9. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 9 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Time profiles of some HEND GRBs which were detected during 2 years of operations

10. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 10 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 GRB020405 Ulysses/BeppoSax Ulysses/HEND Error Box for GRB020405 Observed by Ulysses, Mars Odyssey (HEND), BeppoSAX, and KONUS- WIND Triangulated to a 75 square arcminute error box and circulated to astronomers within 17 hours Optical transient source identified less than one hour later

11. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 11 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Optical counterpart for GRB020405

12. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 12 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Statistic of of HEND Gamma Ray-Bursts Free space Cruise stage Aerobraking Stage 20 detected GRB (~4.0 events/month) 6 detected GRB (~1.5 events/month) 1 events localized 1 have optical afterglow 2 events localized 2 have optical afterglow Mapping Stage 58 detected GRB (~3.6 events/month) 34 events localized 5 have optical afterglow For 1 GRB redshift was determined For 3 GRB redshift was determined

13. 2001 Mars Odyssey page 13 W o r k s h o p H E N D - 2003 Institute for Space Research, June 9 - 11, 2003 Conclusions HEND is the member of Interplanetary Gamma-Ray Burst Coordinate Network during the 23 months of operation 84 GRBs were detected 37 GRBs were localized For 8 GRBs afterglows were founded, for 5 of them redshifts are determined GRB part of HEND work became more important after finish of BeppoSax scientific operation stage in the end of April 2002 farther development of HEND burst facility is necessary for own HEND GRB triggering.