1. Chapter 15: Water Chemistry & Solutions

2. A. Water, Water, Water! Water Facts:
About 75% of the Earth’s surface is covered in water
About 97% of all water is salt water (not fit for consumption)
Of the remaining 3% that is freshwater, less than 1% is available for human consumption
Most in frozen glaciers and ice caps
Human body is more than 60% water
Blood is 92% water
Brain and muscles are 75% water
Bones are about 22% water

3. B. Water Properties Water is a covalent molecule
Composed of two nonmetals (hydrogen and oxygen) SHARING electrons
Water is a polar molecule
Hydrogen and oxygen do not share electrons equally
Leads to partial positive and partial negative charges

6. C. Water’s Polar Nature
Hydrogen Bond – weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a highly electronegative atom (usually nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine)
Hydrogen bonds explain why water behaves the way it does!

7. D. Water Properties Cohesion – attraction of molecules to one another
Causes water to form drops (beads)

8. D. Water Properties
Adhesion – attraction that causes two different substances to join

9. D. Water Properties
Surface Tension – occurs as a result of like molecules banding together to form a somewhat impenetrable surface (due to cohesion)
Fails

10. D. Water Properties
Capillary Action – ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against the force of gravity
Due to adhesive and cohesive forces