1. Software Engineering and Architecture
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Computing as Utility

2. Motivation
WWW has made client-server computing systems available to the average person
Shopping/booking
Social media
Entertainment
B2B
Unprecedented growth of demand on computing power
Facebook user count. Source: statista.com
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3. Henrik Bærbak Christensen
Utilization problem
Either you
Waste hardware resources or
Cannot provide service during peaks 
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4. Henrik Bærbak Christensen
Solution
Pool the hardware, and rent it; instead of owning it
NIST:
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5. Henrik Bærbak Christensen
Examples
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6. Example: Private Cloud/ESXi
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7. The Core Enabling Technology
Virtualization
The Core Enabling Technology

8. Henrik Bærbak Christensen
A Physical Machine
Hardware
Processors, devices, memory, etc.
Software
Built to the given hardware (Instruction Set Architecture, e.g. x86)
Built to given OS (App. Programming Interface, e.g. Win 10)
OS controls hardware
Henrik Bærbak Christensen

9. Henrik Bærbak Christensen
A Virtual Machine
Hardware Abstraction
Virtual processor, memory, devices, etc.
Virtualization Software
Indirection: Decouple hardware and OS
Multiplex physical hardware across guest VMs
VMM: Virtual Machine Monitor
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10. Examples
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11. Packages for Students For my courses, I hand out a dedicated VM
Faster ‘get going’
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12. Avoid Poluted Machine
The last couple of years I have removed code development from my laptop completely...
I only develop using my M1, M17, ... Virtual linux machines on my VMWare Workstation or on my ESXi hypervisors
One machine per course
Easier to switch
No polution of my laptop
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13. Moving Production
Crunch3 machine was the production machine to do awesome stuff in another course I am running
It runs on my local ESXI
But, but – our students could not see it!
Moved to the AUIT vSphere infrastructure
VMWare converter…
Crunch3 is highly disk IO sensitive
Staff moved it ‘as we spoke’ to a pure SSD hypervisor
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14. And then Steam released Titan Quest updated to run Win10 
Keep Legacy Running
Magnus wants to play Titan Quest
On his new MSI Windows 10 gaming laptop
Titan Quest does not run on Win10
Solution: Win XP SP3 installed on VMWare Player
And then Steam released Titan Quest updated to run Win10 
Henrik B Christensen

15. Keep Legacy Running
My company’s accounting system, SummaSummerum, is a legacy system, unsupported and cannot be reinstalled due to license server has been shut down.
I managed to pull license files from my company machine, and ”save it” in a VM. It is called ”TheArk” 
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16. Process / System VM VMM: Virtual Machine Monitor =
The program running VMs
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17. Henrik Bærbak Christensen
Process VMs
Java VM runs across different OS and machines...
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18. New Kid: Containers Example: Docker
Lightweight virtualization. Programmable!
Traditional VVMs
Docker
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19. Infrastructure-as-code
Dockerfile = the OS installation procedure as code!
Installing a machine using a single command in the shell !
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20. Henrik Bærbak Christensen
Summary
Virtualization:
The ultimate abstraction:
An executing machine is abstracted into executing software
Which allows us to:
Rent a virtual machine from a cloud provider
Remote control it: start it, install OS and sw, monitor it
Allows scaling – just rent more resources when need arises
Henrik Bærbak Christensen