1. Altered expression pattern of heat shock transcription factor, Y chromosome (HSFY) may be related to altered differentiation of spermatogenic cells in testes with deteriorated spermatogenesis 
Yoko Sato, Ph.D., Kaoru Yoshida, Ph.D., Toshikatsu Shinka, M.D., Shiari Nozawa, M.Sc., Yutaka Nakahori, M.D., Teruaki Iwamoto, M.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 86, Issue 3, Pages (September 2006)
DOI: /j.fertnstert
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. FIGURE 1
Western blot analysis of HSFY protein in the testes showing normal, maturation arrest, or Sertoli cell–only syndrome. Seventeen micrograms of protein was applied to each lane and blotted. Western blot showing the expression of HSFY protein in normal (N), maturation arrest (MA), Sertoli cell–only (SO) testes. Molecular weights of protein standards are shown on the left of the panel. Asterisk indicates the 45-kDa HSFY protein.
Sato. HSFY expression in spermatogenic failure. Fertil Steril 2006.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. FIGURE 2
Localization of HSFY in human testes showing deteriorated spermatogenesis. (A) Testis showing maturation arrest from an azoospermic patient. Most seminiferous tubules showed spermatocyte maturation arrest. Zygotene spermatocyte (zyg) and early pachytene spermatocyte (E-pach) showed the decrease or absence of HSFY immunolocalization. Rare secondary spermatocytes (2nd-spc), round spermatids (rs), and elongated spermatids (es) did not show the localization of HSFY. Spermatogonia (sg) and Sertoli cells (sc) showed the normal localization of HSFY. Other spermatocytes (leptotene spermatocyte (lep), late pachytene (L-pach)), Leydig cell (lc), myoid cell (mc), and lamina propria (lp) did not express HSFY as in normal testis. (B) Testis showing germinal cell aplasia (Sertoli cell–only syndrome) from an azoospermic patient. Abbreviations as in A. Most Sertoli cells exhibited the strong expression of HSFY in the cytoplasmic region. Leydig cells, myoid cells, and lamina propria did not show expression patterns similar to the testes showing normal spermatogenesis. (C) Testis showing focal tubular hyalinization from a cryptorchidism patient. Abbreviations as in A. HSFY did not localize in the seminiferous tubules with hyalinized lamina propria. Cells and lamina propria did not stain in the control (data not shown). Bar: 50 μm.
Sato. HSFY expression in spermatogenic failure. Fertil Steril 2006.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. FIGURE 3
Difference in the ratio of HSFY expressed by Sertoli cells in the testes showing normal (N; n = 8), maturation arrest (MA; n = 5), and Sertoli cell–only syndrome (SO; n = 4). Percentage of immunopositive Sertoli cells was significantly different in all groups.
Sato. HSFY expression in spermatogenic failure. Fertil Steril 2006.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2006 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions