1. THE BRAIN
The brain is located inside cranium ( the cranium acts as a protective outer layer for the brain). It is suspended in Cerebro-spinal fluid and surrounded by membranes known as Meninges. The brain controls both voluntary and involuntary reactions that occur in the body. Your brain is divided into two hemispheres, the left and right hemispheres respectively, and each part of the brain has a specific function to control part of the body.

2. Function of the Segment
Brain Segment
Function of the Segment
CEREBRUM
(forebrain)
Divided into regions dealing with specific functions. Greatly folded so increases the number of cells present
CRANIUM
Made of bones fused together to form fixed joints. Protective outer layer surrounding the brain.
CEREBELLUM
(hind-brain )
Controls balance, posture and learned skills
HYPOTHALAMUS
Controls water balance and temperature within the body
MEDULLA OBLUNGATA
(hind-brain)
Controls automatic activities, e.g. Heart rate, breathing etc.
PITUITARY GLAND
Controls numerous activities such as water balance (ADH) and growth (GH). It is also known as the master gland.
OPTIC LOBES
(Mid- brain)
Concerned with sight and eyeball movement :
THE BRAIN

3. Diagram of the Brain

4. CNS continued-Spinal Cord
Runs from the base of the brain to base of the lumbar region of the back and is protected by the vertebrae. Extending out of the spinal cord are transverse spinal nerves which extend throughout the rest of the body and forms a network connected to various motor and sensory neurones.

5. Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous system – Contains the nerves running to and from the central nervous system. There are the Cranial and Spinal nerves and are responsible for voluntary actions.
Autonomic nervous system – Responsible for the involuntary actions of the internal muscles / glands within the body. e.g speeding up and slowing down of the heart.