1. CELLS

2. Definition of Cell
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
Smallest living unit ; most are microscopic

3. Cell Theory
Smallest living unit of structure and function of all organisms is the cell
All living things are made of cells
All cells arise from preexisting cells

4. Characteristics of All Cells
A surrounding membrane  plasma or cell membrane
Protoplasm/Cytoplasm – cell contents in thick fluid
Organelles – structures for cell function
Control center with DNA

5. Examples of Cells
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell

6. Prokaryotic First cell type on earth, smallest
Do not have structures surrounded by membranes
Few internal structures
One-celled organisms, Bacteria

7. Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
Most living organisms
Animal
Plant

8. Eukaryotes are bigger and more complicated
Have nucleus
Have organelles
Have chromosomes
can be multicellular
include animal and plant cells

9. Organelles are membrane-bound cell parts
Mini “organs” that have unique structures and functions
Located in cytoplasm
Cytoplasm  liquid – the jell-o of the cell

10. Cell Structures Cell membrane
Outer membrane that controls movement into and out of cell

11. Nucleus
Control center of the cell – stores chromosomes (DNA)
Contains nucleolus – produces ribosomes

12. Nucleolus
inside nucleus
Contains RNA to build proteins

13. the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has
Provides/releases energy that powers cellular activities *cellular respiration
the more energy the cell needs, the more mitochondria it has
Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates
Controls level of water and other materials in cell
Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates

14. Each cell contains thousands Synthesize proteins
Ribosomes
Each cell contains thousands
Synthesize proteins
may be free- floating or attached to ER
Each cell contains thousands
Make proteins
Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell
Made of RNA

15. Cytoskeleton found throughout cytoplasm 3 functions:
mechanical support
anchor organelles
help move substances
Within cytoplasm – acts as both a muscle and a skeleton ; for movement and stability

16. Endoplasmic reticulum Folded membranes attached to nucleus
may be smooth: lacking ribosomes
may be rough: has attached ribosomes
Smooth  “storage organelle” ;

17. Ribosomes embedded on Rough endoplasmic reticulum

18. takes in sacs of raw material from ER
Golgi Apparatus
takes in sacs of raw material from ER
sends out sacs containing finished cell products
“packing and shipping” station
Protein 'packaging and shipping station’
Move materials within the cell
Move materials out of the cell

19. sacs filled with digestive enzymes
Lysosomes
sacs filled with digestive enzymes
digest worn out cell parts
digest food absorbed by cell
If explodes, cell breaks down!
Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

20. Cytoplasm
“jell” or fluid in which organelles are found
Site where chemical reactions occur within a cell

21. Structures found ONLY in PLANT cells
Cell wall
Tough, flexible, fairly rigid outer layer (chain link fence)
protects cell from rupturing

22. (central) Vacuole
Membrane- bound storage sac
Holds water, food, waste items
Helps plants maintain shape

23. Chloroplasts
filled with chlorophyll
turn light energy into food energy (photosynthesis

24. How are plant and animal cells different?

25. How are plant and animal cells different?
How are plant and animal cells similar?
Differences 
Plants have…cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole
Similarities 
Both eukaryotic, surrounded by cell membrane

26. How do animal cells move?
Some can crawl with pseudopods
Some can swim with a flagellum
Some can swim very fast with cilia

27. Pseudopods means “fake feet” extensions of cell membrane
example: ameoba

28. Flagellum/flagella large whiplike tail
pushes or pulls cell through water
can be single, or a pair

29. Cilia fine, hairlike extensions attached to cell membrane
beat in unison