1. Hand Tremor Sensing Module
Group #4
Ander Sahonero
Andrew Mendoza
Anisley Valenciaga
Tatiana Bejarano
Ricardo Siu

2. Purpose and Goals Investigate the types of tremors present in humans
Examine the causes and treatments
Determine the frequency at which they appear
All of this will be done in order to construct a medical device which can be used as a tremor sensor
Then use device to observe subject at rest , standing up, and after exercising

3. What is a tremor?
Unintentional, sometimes rhythmic movement of muscles of the body
Commonly occur within the hands, also occur in head, neck, arms, legs, torso, or other body parts
Can propagate from one region of the body to another
Occur between frequencies of 5 to 15 Hz
Two main types: physiological and pathological

4. Causes of Tremors Natural Causes Caffeine Stress, Anxiety, and Fatigue
Prescription, Medication, Age
Low Blood Sugar
Alcohol
Drug Abuse

5. Neurological Disorders
Causes of Tremors
Neurological Disorders
Caused by problems arising in parts of the brain whose purpose is to control muscles in specific areas of the body
Parkinson’s
Multiple Sclerosis
Strokes
Parkinson’s
Damage to brain structures that control movement
Patients have trouble initiating movement
Generally after age 60
Multiple Sclerosis
Caused by damage to the myelin sheath, nerve impulses are slowed down or stopped.
Commonly diagnosed between ages 20 and 40
Strokes
Occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts open
May cause brain damage because oxygen to brain is deprived

6. Three main types of tremors:
Resting Tremor
These tremors are present when your muscles are resting
The tremor may go away or become less noticeable when you move muscles that are involved
Action Tremors
Occur at the end of a intended movement ( writing, pressing a button, or reaching for an object)
The tremor will usually disappear while the affected body part is at rest
Kinetic Tremors
Holding arm or leg in one position for a period of time against gravity (writing, holding a cup, holding your arms out, or when you stand up straight)

7. Types of Tremors
Physiologic tremor - every normal individual and has no clinical significance
Essential tremor-is the most common of the more than 20 types of tremor
Parkinsonian tremor - damage to structures within the brain that control movement
Dystonic tremor -all ages who are affected by dystonia
Psychogenic tremor - can occur at rest or during postural or kinetic movement
Orthostatic tremor -fast (>12Hz) rhythmic muscle contractions that occur in the legs and trunk immediately after standing
Rubral tremor is characterized by coarse slow tremor which is present at rest, at posture and with intention
Cerebellar tremor - slow, broad tremor -extremities that occurs at the end of a purposeful movement

8. Tremor Video

9. Are there cures for Tremors?
There are no cures for most tremors
There are some medications that can be taken to reduce effects
Psychogenic tremors can be treated

10. Treatment for Tremors Drug treatment for parkinsonian tremor
Levodopa and/or dopamine-like drugs
Lowering effects include amantadine hydrochloride an anticholine drugs
Propranolol or beta blockers are used when treating essential tremors
Elimination of trigger such as caffeine and altering diet
Physical therapy

11. Mechanical interface design
A piezo-film transducer was utilized which a circuit was able to convert changes in displacement to electrical signals
After going through the filters, the transducer is capable of obtaining readings for frequencies that fall within the range of normal hand tremor frequencies
Our device picks up frequencies between 1 Hz and 10Hz

12. Fabricating Interface
One objective of our tremor sensing equipment was to make it fully portable and, when functioning as an activity measuring device, wearable
Steps Taken to produce product:
Circuit parts soldered unto a small soldering board.
A small 3’x3’ Plexiglas sheet was used as a base for the equipment.
Using small ½’ wooden stands, the battery pack was attached on top of base
Two 2’ slots were cut into the base to allow for a Velcro strap to go through.
The soldering board was then screwed unto the clear Plexiglas base using 1¾’ screws and secured using 4mm nuts.
In order to create a wearable device, a Velcro strap was inserted through the 2’ slots on the Plexiglas.
The Velcro strap then served as a wearable belt that would go tightly around the waist and function as an activity measuring device.

13. Hand positioning Testing procedure must follow this plan of action:
The equipment is to be set on a stable base
Hand is to be unsupported and the finger positioned lightly above the transducer
Hand (right or left) must be placed in a rested position
Measurement to be taken at the index finger or middle finger

14. Positioning of belt
When the equipment is to be used as an activity measuring device:
The device is simply worn across the waist in a belt-like fashion
Detach the Velcro straps
Place the belt around your waist
Fasten belt to your girth, making sure it is securely fastened so device is not shaking while your exercising

15. Components
Piezoelectric transducer: to change mechanical energy into electrical energy
10-segment LED bar graph: displays intensity of tremor

16. Components LM 3914 IC: driver of the LED bar
LM 741: operational amplifier to modify input

17. Components Potentiometer: used as a variable resistor
Diode: to allow current to pass in one direction

18. Components Breadboard: is a construction base for a electronic circuit
Jumper wires: used to transfer electrical signals from on part of the breadboard to the central microcontroller
Resistors: two-terminal passive electronic component which implements electrical resistance as a circuit element
Capacitors: device for storing electric charge.

19. Apparatus Design of Circuit Low Pass Envelop Detector Input Amplifier
LED and Driver
Transducer
Design of Circuit
Low Pass
Envelop Detector
Input Amplifier
Potentiometer

20. Apparatus Final Circuit Design Input Amplifier Low Pass Potentiometer
Transducer
LED and Driver
Low Pass
Final Circuit Design
Potentiometer
Envelop Detector

21. Schematics
Input Amplifier

22. Schematics
Low Pass Filter

23. Schematics
Amplifiers Combined

24. Schematics
Envelope Detector

25. Schematics
Electronic Module Design

26. Compromises Required
In order to make it portable, we used a smaller graph display
To make design meet the power supply specifications a bulky battery pack was used

27. Final Product

28. Video Demonstration

29. Long Term Data/ Results
Output of the assembly when the person is resting
Output of the assembly when
the person is standing
Output of the assembly after
running for 5 minutes
Figure 6- Output of the assembly when the person is standing. (Data Tables, Table 4)

30. Future Directions General Tremor Sensor Actigraph A smaller transducer
Integration of a recording module
Tremor Sensor
Better patient interface
LED displays warning when a certain threshold is reached
Actigraph
Improve the design by encasing it
More durable and rugged design

31. Live Demonstration
We will now perform a live demonstration of our hand tremor detector with the help of a live subject (patient) from the audience, where a signal tremor will be displayed