1. Settler Activity: Solve the anagram (rearrange the letters to make one word)
CRUDE OIL
I CURE OLD
Click to reveal answer

2. The Science Game

3. Fractional Distillation
Your category is…
Fractional Distillation

4. Write a fact about fractional distillation on your white board
Starter:
Write a fact about fractional distillation on your white board
You have 2 minutes

5. Hold your boards up….

6. Put your board down if your answer is listed here…X
It’s a branch of mathematics X
It’s made from water X
It produces crude oil
Unfortunately, that’s not right. Let’s find out what is…

7. if your answer is listed here…
Well Done 
It’s used to break crude oil into useful products 
It happens in a fractionating tower 
The residue left (bitumen) is used for building roads 
It involves hydrocarbons

8. Fractional Distillation
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Describe the trends in properties of hydrocarbons (6)
Explain how fractional distillation works (7)
Write balanced symbol equations for the complete combustion of hydrocarbons with a given formula (8)
Lesson Objectives:
To understand the process of fractional distillation and the molecules involved
Link boiling point, viscosity and flammability to chain length

9. So… What is Fractional Distillation
So… What is Fractional Distillation? Fill in the blanks on your worksheet is the process by which is into different, more useful The can be to produce and (feedstock) used in the industry. The majority of produced are hydrocarbon chains called petrochemical – fractions – fractions – Fractional distillation – split alkanes - crude oil – processed – molecules – fuels - products

10. So… What is Fractional Distillation
So… What is Fractional Distillation? Fractional distillation is the process by which crude oil is split into different, more useful fractions. The fractions can be processed to produce fuels and molecules (feedstock) used in the petrochemical industry. The majority of products produced are hydrocarbon chains called alkanes. (We mean fractions of crude oil, not fractions used in mathematics)

11. What are crude oil fractions?

12. So… What is Crude Oil? Fill in the blanks on your worksheet is a resource made of the remains of that were alive millions of ago. We for it and it from deep underground. Many materials on which modern life depends are produced by crude oil, such as , lubricants, , detergents. Crude Oil is made of lots of of of different lengths. Fractional Distillation separates these. hydrocarbons – useful – drill – finite – chains – solvents – extract years – Crude oil – polymers - organisms

13. So… What is Crude Oil? Fill in the blanks on your worksheet Crude Oil is a finite resource made of the remains of organisms that were alive millions of years ago. We drill for it and extract it from deep underground. Many useful materials on which modern life depends are produced by crude oil, such as solvents, lubricants, polymers, detergents. Crude Oil is made of lots of chains of hydrocarbons of different lengths. Fractional Distillation separates these

14. A Fractional Distillation Column (copy the labels onto your diagram)

15. Fractional Distillation
In a fractionating column, the crude oil is heated.
The fractions have stronger intramolecular forces if they are longer chains, and weaker if they are shorter chains.
This means that the shorter chains evaporate first and reach the top of the tower where they condense, the longer chains stay towards the bottom of the tower.
Complete on your worksheets
The shorter the hydrocarbon chain the lower the boiling point and viscosity, the easier it flows and ignites.
The longer the hydrocarbon chain the higher the boiling point and viscosity, it flows and ignites less easily.

16. Mini Practical Testing what you’ve learnt Look at the samples
Mini Practical Testing what you’ve learnt Look at the samples. List them in order of hydrocarbon chain length according to what you know about how the properties of the product relate to the length of carbon chain.

17. Using Nano Simbox Code: XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Collect a tablet, open the web browser
2. Go to: student.nanosimbox.io
3. Enter the software using the code below, your and name
4. Build propane, petrol, kerosene and diesel by pressing
the purple icon with these molecules. Choose the level of
difficulty you prefer.
5. Write down the completed chemical formula for each of these
molecules on your worksheet (the letters and numbers)
Code: XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

18. Fractions What do you notice about these fractions
Fractions What do you notice about these fractions? Can you spot a pattern? Can you write a method to predict how many hydrogens for a given number of carbons?
Molecule
Formula
Propane
C3H8
Kerosene
C6H14
Petrol
C13H­25
Diesel
C16H34

19. Check your prediction (complete the table)
Molecule
Carbons
Formula
Methane C
Ethane C2
Propane C3
Butane C4
Pentane C5

20. Check your answers The rule is CnH2n+2 These are known as Alkanes
Molecule
Carbons
Formula
Methane C
CH4
Ethane C2
C2H6
Propane C3
C3H8
Butane C4
C4H10
Pentane C5
C5H12

21. Why is fractional distillation important
Why is fractional distillation important? Fractions are used for many purposes, but mostly, hydrocarbons make very good fuels. What does combustion mean?

22. Using Nano Simbox Code: XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Collect a tablet, open the web browser
2. Go to: student.nanosimbox.io
3. Enter the software using the code below, your and name
4. Build propane, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water by pressing
the purple icon with these molecules. Choose the level of
difficulty you prefer.
5. Write down the completed chemical formula for each of these
molecules on your worksheet (the letters and numbers)
Code: XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

23. Combustion
Combustion of hydrocarbons in the presence of oxygen produces energy, carbon dioxide and water.
How could you write a shorter version of this?

24. How did you do?
One way to write the process is using the word equation
propane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + (energy)
Write this down in the space on your worksheet

25. Let’s try to balance a chemical symbol equation for respiration
Think of it like a cake – All of the reactants (ingredients) go in, they get mixed together and chemically joined and become something different, called the product (the cake in this example)
You know that all the ingredients (2 eggs, 200g flour etc) are in the cake, but they are now completely different and can no longer be easily separated.
This is why the equation has to balance.
In 2017, a list of his greatest films was published, give us the name of those films by the clues provided.

26. propane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + (energy) Wait!
How do we balanced the symbol equation for Respiration?
Word equation for respiration
propane + oxygen  carbon dioxide + water + (energy)
Wait!
We’re not done yet – this equation isn’t balanced – you need to have the same number of each element on each side of the equation
Chemical equation for photosynthesis
Energy is not an element, so not included in the chemical equation
propane
C3H8 +
oxygen O2
carbon dioxide
CO2  +
water
H2O
Oxygen always goes around in pairs unless attached to another element

27. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Work out how many of each element you have on each side
The small number next to an element is how many of that element there are in that molecule - You cannot edit this
You need to work out how many you have to times an element by to balance it

28. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
2 x O
On this side we have
1 x C
2 x H
3 x O

29. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Let’s times the carbon by 3 in to balance both sides
We cannot separate the molecule, so….
This also affects the number of oxygen molecules in the equation
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
2 x O
On this side we have
1 x C
2 x H
3 x O

30. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 3CO2 + H2O
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
2 x O
On this side we have
3 x C
2 x H
7 x O

31. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 3CO2 + H2O
REMEMBER: You cannot change the small numbers. Now need 8 x H on the right… We do this by multiplying the whole H2O molecule
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
2 x O
On this side we have
3 x C
2 x H
7 x O

32. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
2 x O
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
10 x O

33. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
Look at the totals below – Now we need to balance the O on the left
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
2 x O
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
10 x O

34. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
We multiply the O2 by 5…
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
2 x O
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
10 x O

35. The rules of balancing equations
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
It matches!
The equation is balanced!
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
10 x O
On this side we have
3 x C
8 x H
10 x O

36. The balanced symbol equation for combustion of propane is:
C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O Write this on your worksheets

37. Write the balanced symbol equation for the combustion of:
Test your learning:
Write the balanced symbol equation for the combustion of:
Methane (CH4)
Ethane (C2H6)
Butane (C4H10)

38. Check your answers:
Methane – CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O Ethane - 2C2H6 + 7O2  4CO2 + 6H2O
Butane - 2C4H O2  8CO2 + 10H2O

39. Plenary:
Quick Quiz

40. Which of these is more viscous?
a b

41. Which of these is more flammable?

42. Which of these is has a lower boiling point?
a b

43. Which of these is a gas at room temperature?
a b

44. Which of these is a wax used in cosmetics?
a b

45. Which of these is would travel highest in a fractionating tower?
a b

46. Put these in the right order of size (S to L)?
Pentane
Methane
Butane
Ethane
Propane

47. What factors could you change and measure in an experiment testing the rate of combustion?

48. Extension:
How would you teach fractional distillation to someone else in a fun way?
Be creative!