1. Complex Punnett Squares
Complex Inheritance
Bio Predict offspring ratios based on a variety of inheritance patterns (including dominance, co-dominance, incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, and sex-linked traits).

2. Complex Inheritance
Complex inheritance shows a variation of inheriting traits with differences shown in the phenotypes of the heterozygous individual.
The heterozygous individual does not show just show the dominant trait with complex inheritance.
There are 4 types: Incomplete Dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple Alleles, and Sex-linked Dominance

3. Incomplete Dominance
The Heterozygous individual (Aa) shows a blending of traits.
RR = Red
rr = white
Rr = Pink (blended trait)

4. Incomplete Dominance
Snapdragons show incomplete dominance with the blending of the red flower color and the white flower color to produce a pink flower color.
Two pink snapdragons are crossed. Explain the percentages of the different possible phenotypes (Ratio). “D:H:R”

5. Codominance
The heterozygous individual (Aa) shows both traits at the same time.
RR = Red
rr = white
Rr = Roan (both red and white)

6. Codominance
Roan cows are an example of codominance of the red and white coat color.
A red and white cow mate. Explain the percentages of the possible phenotypes (Ratio). “D:H:R”

7. Multiple Alleles
Inheritance that shows complete dominance in some alleles and incomplete or codominance in other alleles.
ABO Blood types are an example of multiple alleles:
Blood type A = AA or AO (IAIA or IAi)
Complete dominance
Blood type B = BB or BO (IBIB or IBi)
Blood type AB = AB (IAIB)
Codominance
Blood type O = OO (ii)
Recessive

8. Multiple Alleles
A woman with blood type O has a child with type O blood. The woman’s husband is blood type A (unknown genotype) and believes the child is not his. Is her husband correct? Why or why not?

9. Sex-linked Dominance
Sex-linked traits/diseases are associated with the sex chromosomes. Typically, theses traits are linked to the X- chromosome.
Examples of X-linked recessive traits/diseases:
Male patterned baldness
Hemophilia
Ocular albinism
Color blindness

10. Sex-linked Dominance
Male patterned baldness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A woman who is a carrier for the trait has a son with a man who does not have the trait. What is the probability that their son will have male patterned baldness?
If they have a daughter, what would be the probability for her to have the recessive trait?
XNXN = XNXn =
XnXn = XNY =
XnY =
Normal Female
Carrier Female
Bald Female
Normal Male
Bald Male