1. Test the effects of pH on living systems.
Outcome:
Test the effects of pH on living systems.
Warm Up:
Lemon Juice has a pH of 2, while tomato juice has a pH of 4.
Which of these statements is true?
A. Lemon juice is 20 times more acidic than tomato juice.
B. Lemon juice is 100 times more acidic than tomato juice.
C. Tomato juice is 20 times more acidic than lemon juice.
D. Tomato juice is 100 times more acidic than lemon juice. pH
[H+]
[OH_] 14 1
10,000,000 13
1,000,000 12
100,000 11
10,000 10
1,000 9
100 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

2. Test the effects of pH on living systems.
Outcome:
Test the effects of pH on living systems.
Design a controlled experiment to test a hypothesis.
Collect and analyze data.
Use evidence to support a claim.
Warm Up:
Lemon Juice has a pH of 2, while tomato juice has a pH of 4.
Which of these statements is true?
A. Lemon juice is 20 times more acidic than tomato juice.
B. Lemon juice is 100 times more acidic than tomato juice.
C. Tomato juice is 20 times more acidic than lemon juice.
D. Tomato juice is 100 times more acidic than lemon juice.

3. Today’s Plan Real world reading pH Summative Assessment
Design a data table to record your data.
Design a graph. Check seed growth. Add today’s data to your graph.
If no seed growth, add more drops and put back in the bag… consider making your paper towel smaller, but the same size for each bag.
Use the checklist to analyze your progress.
Scientific Notation Worksheet and slides
Control BCR or Carbohydrate Model
Closing

4. Scientific Method & Lab Report
The steps of the “scientific method” are to:
Make an observation
Construct a hypothesis
Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment
Analyze your data and draw a conclusion
Conclusion - Report your results

5. Which seeds sprouted more? Class DATA
Strong Acid
Weak Acid
Neutral
Weak Base
Strong Base

6. Sources of Error

7. Importance of Control BCR
Balloon
A group of students wants to determine whether a gas is released when glucose is added to a solution of living yeast cells and water.
The students add glucose to a mixture of yeast and water in Flask A. If a gas is released, the balloon on top of the flask will inflate.
The students observe and record the appearance of the balloon at the beginning of the experiment, and again after 24 hours.
The students did not include a control.
Explain the importance of using a control in the experiment.
Describe a control for this experiment. Be sure to include the specific parts of the setup.
Compare the control to the original experimental setup.
Flask

8. Scientific Notation Examples
Ordinary decimal notation
Scientific notation (normalized)
300
3×102
4,000
4×103
5,720,000,000
5.72×109
6.1×10−9

9. Scientific Units Prefix Symbol Meaning Base Unit Multiplied by Factor
tera-                T             trillion               1,000,000,000,000                    1012
giga-               g             billion                1,000,000,000                           109
mega-            M             million                 1,000,000                                 106
kilo-                k              thousand               1,000                                      103
hecto-              h             hundred                   100                                       102
deca-             da             ten                             10                                       101
single units, no prefix - Examples: meter, liter, gram deci-               d              tenth                         0.1                                         10-1
centi-              c              hundredth               0.01                                        10-2
milli-               m              thousandth            0.001                                       10-3
micro-            u               millionth                                                 10-6
nano-               n               billionth                                           10-9
pico-                p               trillionth                                     

10. The Metric System
The International System of Units (SI) is the modern form of the metric system and is generally a system of units of measurement devised around seven base units and the convenience of the number ten.
Name
Unit symbol
Quantity
metre m
length
kilogram kg
mass
second s
time
ampere A
electric current
kelvin K
thermodynamic temperature
candela cd
luminous intensity
mole
mol
amount of substance

11. pH Scale pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution.
Acidity is the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
Basicity is the concentration of hydroxyl ions (OH-)
At pH = 7 (neutral) the concentration of OH- equals the concentration of H+
The equation for pH is:
pH = -log[H+]

12. pH Scale pH
[H+]
[OH_] 14 1
10,000,000 13
1,000,000 12
100,000 11
10,000 10
1,000 9
100 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

13. pH Scale
1M NaOH
1M HCl

14. Acid Rain
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic.
Acid rain is caused by the emissions of ammonium, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.

15. Effect of pH on Living Systems
Acid Rain can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure through the process of wet deposition.

16. Effects of Acid Rain
Sandstone figure in a castle in Germany, photographed in 1908 (left) and again in 1968 (right).

17. Outcome:
Explain the role of carbohydrates by constructing and analyzing models of carbohydrates.
Closing:
Acidic solutions affect the health of plants.
A neutral solution will cause more radish seeds to germinate than an acidic solution.
Which of these hypotheses is better/more testable? Why? Cite at least two reasons for your opinion.