1. 13.5 - State and Local Governments

2. State and Local Governments Lesson 5 Local Governments
Learning Objectives
Describe the typical county, its governmental structure and functions, and the need for reform in county government.
Identify the responsibilities of tribal governments.
Examine the governments of towns, townships, and special districts.
Explain the process of incorporation and compare and contrast the major forms of city government.
Evaluate the need for city planning and list some major municipal functions.
Outline the challenges that face suburbs and metropolitan areas.

3. State and Local Governments Lesson 5 Local Governments
Key Terms
county
townships
municipality
special district
incorporation
charter
mayor-council government
strong-mayor government,
weak-mayor government,
commission government
council-manager government
zoning
metropolitan areas

4. Counties Across the United States
You know that the Census Bureau is in the people-counting business. Do you know that it also counts a great many other things—including units of government? In 2012, the Bureau’s Census of Governments found an astounding 90,107 governments in the United States, including the Federal Government, the 50 States, and ________________________ local governments across the country.

5. Counties Across the United States
Counties: Some Key Facts
How County Governments Are Structured
County Government Powers
Other Elected Officials
County Functions
_____________________ Faced by County Governments

6. Counties Across the United States
Services such as fire protection may be provided by a ______________________________of local government or by the city or county government.

7. Counties Across the United States
A county government has a ___________________ body, commissions, and various officials. Analyze Charts Why might confusion result from the county board sharing powers with other elected officials?

8. Tribal Governments
Tribal governments exist as a distinct form of government. Unlike State, county, or city governments, however, the governments of Native American nations have a unique “government-to-government” relationship with the United States. These Native American tribes are considered ______________________________ nations, with the right to govern their own people on their own territories unless otherwise specified by treaty or acts of Congress.

9. Tribal Governments ___________________________ of Tribal Governments
Structure and Services of Tribal Governments

10. Tribal Governments
Classrooms on Native American reservations, such as this one on the Spokane Indian Reservation in Washington State, are under the authority of the _________________________ tribal government.

11. Tribal Governments
Sovereign Native American governments have a special relationship to Federal and State governments. Analyze Maps Why do you think most reservations are in the Midwest and West?

12. Towns, Townships, and Special Districts
Towns and townships exist in nearly half the States. They are little known in the South or West but are commonly found from ______________________________to the Midwest.

13. Towns, Townships, and Special Districts
The New England Town
Town Meetings
Townships
_______________________ Districts

14. Towns, Townships, and Special Districts
In early New England towns, ____________________________property owners were allowed to vote in town meetings.

15. Towns, Townships, and Special Districts
Early township lines followed _____________________
paths as they established local governments. Analyze Maps What can be inferred about when each of these counties were formed?

16. City Government
We are fast becoming a nation of city dwellers. Where once our population was small, mostly rural, and agricultural, it is now large, mostly urban, and dominated by technology, manufacturing, and service industries. In 1790, a mere 5 percent of the population lived in the nation’s few cities. Today, some 260 million people—more than ______________________
of the population—live in the nation’s cities and their surrounding suburbs. For local governments, that change has had dramatic consequences.

17. City Government
Urbanization
________________________
City Charters

18. City Government
The Industrial Revolution had a major impact on U.S. demographics. Analyze Graphs What trend can be seen in rural versus urban populations over time?

19. City Government
The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Missouri, commemorates the city’s role in ________________________ expansion. At the time of the 1850 census, St. Louis was the most populous city west of the Mississippi River.

20. Forms of City Government
Although variations can and do exist, each city has one of three basic forms of government. A city has (1) a mayor-council, (2) a ________________________, or (3) a council-manager form of government.

21. Forms of City Government
The Mayor-Council Form
Strong and Weak Mayors
The Commission Form
Weaknesses of the Commission Form
The ______________________ Form
City Managers
Pros and Cons of the Council-Manager Form

22. Forms of City Government
City councils handle a wide range of issues, including such things as finances, ______________________________, and community improvements.

23. Forms of City Government
Use of the _______________________ form of city government often eliminates questions about who is in charge. Analyze Charts What can you conclude about this as a model for large cities?

24. Forms of City Government
The ___________________________model works best when the mayor and council work well together.Analyze Charts What are the pros and cons of city governments in which executive duties are shared?

25. City Planning and Other Municipal Functions
With few exceptions, most American cities developed haphazardly, without a plan, and with no eye to the future. The results of this shortsightedness can be seen in what is often called the __________________or the inner city. These are often the older and usually overcrowded central sections of larger cities.

26. City Planning and Other Municipal Functions
Guiding Growth
Zoning
Pros and Cons of ____________________
City Services

27. City Planning and Other Municipal Functions
The __________________San Bernardino freeway in southern California is one of the busiest and most congested freeways in the United States. As a result, it is also one of the most dangerous.

28. Suburbs and Metropolitan Areas
The growth of urban areas has raised many problems for city dwellers. Urban growth also affects residents of nearby _________________________________

29. Suburbs and Metropolitan Areas
The Suburban Boom
The Challenges of Metropolitan Areas
____________________________Special Districts

30. Suburbs and Metropolitan Areas
In the economic boom after World War II, inexpensive new housing like this development in _______________ Pennsylvania, and cheap government mortgages helped fuel a shift from urban to suburban living.

31. Quiz: Counties Across the United States
Which of the following BEST explains why different States have different approaches to county government?
A. The size of the State determines the form of county government.
B. The population of the State determines the form of county government.
C. Each State structures its county governments as it sees fit.
D. The U.S. Constitution requires each State to structure its county government based on federal guidelines.

32. Quiz: Tribal Governments
Why is official recognition by the Federal Government important for Native American tribes?
A. Official recognition ensures that tribal governments have representatives in Congress.
B. Official recognition exempts tribal governments from State and local control.
C. Official recognition ensures that tribal governments follow State and local laws.
D. Official recognition means that tribal governments can have a written constitution.

33. Quiz: Towns, Townships, and Special Districts
Which of the following BEST describes why special districts are created?
A. to reduce property taxes for citizens
B. to distribute funds to all schools equally
C. to provide particular services in areas not otherwise covered
D. to compensate for tax collection differences between towns and townships

34. Quiz: City Government
In order for a community to be incorporated as a city,
A. it must apply to the Federal Government.
B. it must submit a charter to voters for approval.
C. it must be able to meet the needs of its citizens.
D. it must reach a population level set by the State.

35. Quiz: Forms of City Government
Which of the following might cause a city with complex needs to adopt the council-manager form of government?
A. Council-manager governments allow every voter to have a voice in city management.
B. Council-manager governments are headed by an elected chief executive.
C. Council-manager governments rely on experts to handle issues like budgeting.
D. Council-manager governments are popular in small rural cities.

36. Quiz: City Planning and Other Municipal Functions
A possible advantage of city planning is that
A. it may make a city eligible for more federal funding opportunities.
B. it may lower the crime rate in selected neighborhoods.
C. it can provide more employment opportunities for a wider range of citizens.
D. it can encourage the involvement of more citizens in the political process.

37. Quiz: Suburbs and Metropolitan Areas
A wastewater treatment plant being built in a quiet neighborhood might be the result of
A. the renewal of a city's charter.
B. a lack of city zoning.
C. the move from the cities to the suburbs.
D. the growth of metropolitan areas.