1. Biological Influence on Learning
Learning: Biological & Cognitive
Biological Influence on Learning
Can limit conditioning
Can speed up conditioning

2. Morning sickness during pregnancy + Cabo Beach Grill = ????
TASTE AVERSION!!!

3. Taste Aversions: Why? John Garcia’s Research (1950s)
irradiating rats to see its effect on their behavior
rats didn't want to eat the things they'd been fed shortly before being irradiated
theorized that this was because they were getting nauseous from the radiation
radiated rats were conditioned to link the taste of sweetened water with nausea and avoided it after only ONE trial
When there is a natural aversive (bad!) stimulus, conditioning is immediate!
Evolutionary advantage: prevents us from eating something twice that might be toxic.

4. Keller and Marian Breland
trained raccoons to put coins in a piggy bank
rewarded with food for successful deposits
worked with single coins, but when the researchers gave a raccoon more than one coin, the raccoon would sit and rub the coins together instead
by associating the coins with food, the raccoons' natural instinct to 'wash' food by rubbing it together was activated
Classical conditioning was inhibited by this natural biological response

5. Summary: Role of Biology in Learning
Learning is adaptive = increases ability to survive
Biological influence can increase or limit conditioning
EXAMPLES:
Animals can be trained as long as it doesn't override their instinctive behaviors.
Once we've developed distaste for something we associate with getting sick, it's hard to get over it.

6. Cognitive Learning
Emphasizes the role of mental processes such as rule formation and strategies for goal attainment
There are several examples of cognitive learning:
INSIGHT
LATENT
OBSERVATIONAL

7. Insight Learning Insight = acute observation and deduction
Insight Learning as described by Wolfgang Kohler is a sudden awareness of the solution to a problem
Kohler studied chimps
Sultan the Chimp

8. Latent Learning
As described by E. C. Tolman, is learning in the absence of apparent reward
Not demonstrated at the time the learning takes place

9. Observational Learning
Albert Bandura described this as learning by watching another individual and modeling the learned task
Potential to be positive or negative

10. Learned Helplessness Martin Seligman
a decrease in responding that occurs after exposure to uncontrollable aversive events
A tendency to give up

11. Crash course review of Behavior & Learning

12. 3-Way Match Activity Instructions for students:
Those with a card with a TERM on it, move to make a large circle around the room.
TERM card holders will name the term on their card while all other students listen.
TERM cardholders will remain in their position around the room and the other card holders will attempt a three-way match to include the term, the definition, and a visual representation.
Groups discuss and validate their 3-way match to ensure accuracy
Groups present their term, the definition, and why the visual is part of this three way match.
Memory TED Talk: To help you prep for exams!

13. Explain Everything Review Topics:
Group 1: Ch 1 = approaches to the science of psychology (17-20)
Group 2: Ch 2 = types of research methods in psychology (34-44…pick three types)
Group 3: Ch 3 = nervous system (61-66)
Group 4: Ch 3 = peripheral and central nervous systems (67-71)
Group 5: Ch 3 = endocrine and immune system (99-103)
Group 6: Ch 4 = vision ( …pick a few key parts)
Group 7: Ch 4 = chemical senses ( )
Group 8: Ch 5 = organizing the perceptual world ( …pick a few key parts)
Group 9: Ch 7 = storing new memories ( )
Group 10: Ch 7 = retrieving memories ( )
Group 11: Ch 8 = language ( )
Group 12: Ch 12 = infancy and childhood cognitive development ( )
Group 13: Ch 12 = adolescence ( )