1. Electrons … and How to Use Them!

2. Structure of an Atom Charges Location in Atom Electron – negative
Orbits
Charges
Electron – negative
Proton – positive
Neutron - neutral
Location in Atom
Electrons – in orbits
Protons & Neutrons – in nucleus
Nucleus

3. Electrons are arranged in orbits
Orbit 1 holds
2 electrons
Orbit 2 holds
8 electrons
Orbit 3 holds

4. Why do we care? The STRONG FORCE !!
Protons and neutrons are held together by the strongest force in nature!
Electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus
The farther from the nucleus, the less tightly they are held
The STRONG FORCE !!

5. Why do we care? (continued…)
SO… they are more likely to move around
SO…..
Almost ALL chemical behavior in the UNIVERSE is defined by the motion of electrons!

6. Charged Ions (reference: pHet Sim)
Two ways to make a positively charged ion
Two ways to make a negatively charged ion
Given what we learned from the Ruler Lab, how will a positive ion be formed in “real life”?
Given what we learned from the Ruler Lab, how will a negative ion be formed in “real life”?
What happens to an atom if the number of protons is changed?

7. Ions: Charged Atoms Positively Charged Atoms
Less electrons (-) than protons (+)
Overall POSITIVE charge
Called CATIONS

9. Ions: Charged Atoms JUST KIDDING…. They are called ANIONS
Negatively Charged Atoms
More electrons (-) than protons (+)
Overall NEGATIVE charge
Called DOGIONS
JUST KIDDING….
They are called ANIONS

10. Ions: Charged Atoms Cations – positively charged
Less electrons (-) than protons (+)
Overall POSITIVE charge
Called Cations
Anions – negatively charged
More electrons (-) than protons (+)
Overall NEGATIVE charge
Called Anions
A Negative I O N

12. Elements are arranged by size… and chemical properties
The Periodic Table
Elements are arranged by size… and chemical properties
Chemical properties are defined by…
ELECTRONS!

13. The Periodic Table

14. Properties Properties are related to atomics structure.
The number of electrons in the outer most orbit (valence electrons) determine how an atom will behave in chemical reactions.