1. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Workshop to exchange views on possible elements to be considered in the future revision of the UNFCCC Guidelines for the preparation of National Communications from Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention
St. Mary’s, Antigua and Barbuda
21–23 March 2011
Kiyoto Tanabe
NIES/CGER/GIO, CGE Member

2. Outline
General improvements in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines as compared to the earlier guidelines
Improvements in each volume of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines as compared to the earlier guidelines
Supporting materials and follow-up guidance for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines

3. General improvements in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines as compared to the earlier guidelines

4. Evolution Guidelines have evolved from 1996 to 2006
Development of Good Practice Guidance (GPG) was a major step forward
Complete, consistent, comparable, transparent, and accurate inventories taking account of available resources
Major change was from 1996 LUCF to GPG LULUCF
Currently, non-Annex I Parties
Should use 1996GLs
Encouraged to use GPGs

5. 2006 IPCC Guidelines
The same basic methodological approaches are used as those in the Revised 1996 Guidelines, GPG 2000 and GPG LULUCF.
The methods of earlier guidelines are maintained with improvements.
Similar resources can be used.
Experiences with use of earlier guidelines can be utilized.
GPGs are integrated.
More and improved/updated default data are provided.
Improved guidance is provided.
Wider coverage of gases
Additional guidance for more source categories
Improved consistency with regard to indirect emissions of CO2 and N2O
All estimates are now of actual annual emissions (“potential” emissions not needed)
Categories simplified and clarified in some areas

6. Contents See Table 1 in “Overview” 2006 Guidelines
Reporting Guidance
& Reporting Tables
Cross-cutting Issues
Key Category Analysis
QA/QC, etc.
Vol.1
General Guidance
and Reporting
Vol.1
Reporting
Instructions
Sectoral Guidance
Methodological Issues
Worksheets
Vol.2
Energy
Vol.2
Workbook
Revised 1996 Guidelines
See Table 1 in “Overview”
Vol.3
Industrial Processes
and Product Use
Vol.3
Reference
Manual
Vol.4
Agriculture, Forestry
and Other Land Use
GPG2000
Vol.5
Waste
GPG-LULUCF

7. GPG and Sectoral Guidance
Good Practice inventories are defined as “those that contain neither over- nor under-estimates so far as can be judged, and in which uncertainties are reduced as far as is practical”
GPG retains consistency with Revised 1996 Guidelines and is updated and expanded in the 2006 Guidelines
Approaches to Data Collection

8. Gases and Categories Wider coverage of gases
Gases for which GWP values are available in the IPCC-TAR
CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6
NF3, SF5CF3, Halogenated Ethers, etc.
Gases for which GWP values are not available in the IPCC-TAR
C7F16, C4F6, c-C4F8O, etc.
Other gases (Precursors)
2006 Guidelines contain links to information on methods used under other agreements and conventions
“New” guidance provided for various source categories

9. “New” Guidance in 2006 Guidelines

10. Direct & Indirect Emissions: CO2 and N2O
Consistency is improved in 2006 Guidelines with regard to:
CO2 resulting from emissions of other gases
2006GLs estimate carbon emissions in terms of the species which are emitted
CO2 from atmospheric oxidation of non-CO2 species can be estimated additionally, if necessary
Treatment of nitrogen (N) deposition
Formerly only agricultural sources were covered
2006GLs cover all significant sources of N deposition, including agriculture, industrial and combustion sources

11. Direct & Indirect Emissions: CO2 and N2O
2006 Guidelines give methods to calculate this
2006 Guidelines “CO2 Emissions” do not include this automatically
2006 Guidelines “CO2 Emissions”
2006 Guidelines includes ALL NH3 & NOx Emissions

12. Estimation of Actual Annual Emissions
In the 1996 Guidelines and Good Practice Guidance for a few sources, the simplest methodology estimates a “potential emission” rather than the actual annual emission.
“Potential emission” assumes all the emissions from an activity occur in the current year, ignoring the fact they will occur over many years (e.g. methane emissions from waste in landfills occurs over decades as the decay processes take place).
In the 2006 Guidelines, simple default methods estimate emissions when they occur, thus removing the need for potential emissions.
The removal of potential emission estimates allows the emission reductions of abatement techniques to be properly estimated and ensures that the Tier 1 methods are compatible with higher tier methods. The areas where this occurred are:
Emissions of fluorinated compounds (IPPU Sector)
Emissions of methane from landfills (Waste Sector)

13. Improvements in each volume of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines as compared to the earlier guidelines

14. Vol 1: General Guidance and Reporting
New chapter on introductory advice
Overview of greenhouse gas inventories
Steps needed to prepare an inventory for the first time
Extended advice on data collection
Systematic cross-cutting advice on data collection from existing sources and by new activities
Key category analysis
Better integrated across emission and removal categories

15. Vol 2: Energy Methods and categories largely unchanged
Improved default emission factors for fossil fuel use
based on survey of global data
uncertainties derived from range of data
Improved list of sub-categories to enable more transparent reporting
Manufacturing Industries and Construction
Road transport: Urea-based catalysts
New guidance provided which was not included in earlier guidelines
Methane from abandoned coal mines
Emissions associated with CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS)

16. Vol 3: Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU)
Combined two sectors in the 1996GLs
Improved to explicitly include more manufacturing sectors and product uses identified as sources of GHGs, e.g.:
Production of lead, zinc, titanium dioxide, petrochemicals, liquid crystal display (LCD), etc.
SF6 and PFCs uses in military applications, accelerators, etc.
New gases, actual emission estimates
More detailed and clearer guidance on, e.g.,:
Demarcation between Energy and IPPU
Estimation and reporting of non-energy uses of fossil fuels
Treatment of CO2 for later use and short-term storage

17. Vol 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU)
Integrated two sectors (Agriculture and LULUCF) in the 1996GLs to remove inconsistencies and double counting issues
Retain the structure of six land use categories of GPG- LULUCF
Generic methods for estimating stock changes in C pools and non-CO2 emissions for all land use categories
Latest scientific information taken into account:
Better estimation methods
Better and more default parameters
Inclusion of additional categories

18. Mapping of AFOLU categories across IPCC Guidelines

19. Vol 5: Waste
Improved accuracy: Updated methods and improved default values
A simple first order decay (FOD) method for landfills is provided as a Tier 1 method.
A simple spreadsheet model with step-by-step guidance and improved default data (IPCC Waste Model) is provided to enable all countries to implement the FOD method (as Tier 1 or higher).
Further improved completeness
Guidance is given on more sources
Biological treatment of solid waste
Open burning of waste
Inclusion of methods to estimate N2O emissions
Discharge of wastewater into waterways
Advanced wastewater treatment plants

20. Supporting materials and follow-up guidance for the 2006 IPCC Guidelines

21. Support to users for better understanding of 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Primer for 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Available from TFI website (see below)
Summary of the basic approach for inventory development and guidance on their use
Easy to read – expected to serve as quick guidance on 2006 IPCC Guidelines
FAQ (Answers to frequently asked questions)
Developed and maintained by TSU in consultation with authors of 2006 IPCC Guidelines.

22. Support to users for inventory preparation following 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Emission Factor Database (EFDB)
Library of a wide range of well documented emission factors and other parameters to help users (inventory compilers) select those that best reflect their national circumstances
Supplements all the IPCC Guidelines/GPGs
Available through the internet and in the form of CDROM
Efforts being continuously made to get a wider range of EFs (expert meetings for data collection, literature search, etc.)
Open to relevant data proposals – New proposals welcomed!!
New data will be evaluated for acceptance by EFDB Editorial Board.

23. Support to users for inventory preparation following 2006 IPCC Guidelines
New software for 2006 Guidelines (under development)
Aimed at users with limited resources
As a training tool
Display all the calculations – it is not a “black box”
Facilitate preparation of national GHG inventories according to 2006GLs
for complete inventories; or
for separate categories or groups of categories
Facilitate QC, Key Category Analysis, etc
Harmonise reporting of greenhouse gas inventories
Archive data (which may consist of estimates for a number of years)
A demonstration version is now available at:

24. Snapshot image of the Software for 2006 IPCC Guidelines

25. More support and follow-up guidance being made available
Guidance on AFOLU datasets for use in the IPCC Guidelines
Outcome of IPCC-FAO-IFAD Expert Meeting (20-22 October 2009, Rome, Italy)
Summary of information on FAO data (largely activity data) suitable for AFOLU sector estimates, e.g.;:
Description of the information needed
Description of where the data can be used in Guidelines
Description of where the dataset can be obtained
Comments describing the dataset and any limitations
Methodological work to produce a supplement to the 2006 Guidelines for wetlands
In response to invitation by SBSTA33 (December 2010)
To be completed by SBSTA39 (December 2013)

26. Conclusions

27. Conclusions
The 2006 IPCC Guidelines will help countries improve the quality of national GHG inventories.
The best available scientific information for estimating and reporting GHG emissions and removals is represented.
Improved methods
More and improved/updated default data
Additional guidance for more source categories
Experiences and resources accumulated through inventory preparation based on earlier guidelines can be utilized when using the 2006 IPCC Guidelines.
The methods of earlier guidelines are maintained with improvements.
Good practice guidance is integrated.
Users of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines can benefit from various supporting materials and follow-up guidance.
Primer, FAQs, Software, EFDB, etc.

28. 2006 IPCC Guidelines are available in 6 UN languages including English.
For further information, please visit