1. UNIT ºESO
VOCABULARY

2. GENERATIONS What is your date of BIRTH?
The day you were BORN
Can you tell me what a BABY BOOM is?
What CRAZES have you got nowadays?
When were flare trousers in faashion?
What is in FASHION nowadays?
What can you tell me about your HAIRSTYLE? Is it in FASHION?
And your LOOK? Is it in FASHION too? Do you like the way you look?
Where do you usually write DEATH dates?
In a gravestone
In an obituary
Which GADGETS have you got at home?
Do you use all of them?
Do you need allf of them?
Which is the best INVENTION ever? Why?
How many ICONS can you name?
What was the slogan the hippies had in the sixties? Why did they PROTEST for?
“Make love not WAR”
PEACE

3. Birth Icon Boom Invention Craze Look Death Peace Fashion Protest (n)
GENERATIONS (no exam)
Birth
Icon
Boom
Invention
Craze
Look
Death
Peace
Fashion
Protest (n)
Gadget
War
Hairstyle

4. USED TO / DIDN’T USE TO
IN THE FIFTIES Women used to … Women didn’t use to … IN THE SIXTIES People used to … People didn’t use to … IN THE SEVENTIES IN THE EIGHTIES IN THE NINETIES They used to … They didn’t use to …
WEAR LONG DRESSES
WEAR SHORT SKIRTS
PROTEST AGAINST THE WAR
USE COMPUTERS
WEAR FLARE TROUSERS
WORK
WEAR COLOURFUL CLOTHES
EAT FAST FOOD
LISTEN TO DISCO MUSIC
HAVE A MOBILE PHONE

5. USED TO ….
When I was young I used to live in Granada, now I live in Cantabria
I used to go to bed late before exams to review a bit - I didn’t use to wake up early do do it
When I was young I didn’t use to do lots of sport, now I usually do it
My mum never used to like Bustamante but she likes him now

6. It is used to talk about an action or, better, a habit in the past and finished. It stopped to exist at the present time
SOLÍA
NO SOLÍA
SUBJECT + USED TO + INFINITIVE
SUBJECT + DIDN’T USE TO + INFINITIVE
DID + SUBJECT + USE TO + INFINITIVE?

7. Choose the correct words to complete each sentence.
200 years ago ...
1 ... people used to / didn’t use to make their own clothes.
2 ... people used to / didn’t use to have mobile phones.
3... people used to / didn’t use to read books.
4... people used to / didn’t use to watch TV.
5... people used to / didn’t use to drive cars.
6 ... people used to / didn’t use to walk everywhere

8. Choose the correct words to complete each sentence.
1 Why did people _______________ mend their clothes?
a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
2 I _______________ like watching football, but now I do.
3 What did you _______________ like doing when you were young?
a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
4 John _______________ like Mary, but he doesn’t now.
5 People _______________ produce as much rubbish as we do nowadays.
a) used to b) use to c) didn’t use to
6 Did you _______________ collect anything when you were young?

9. Complete these sentences with used to or didn´t use to.
1 I_______________ play the guitar, but I do now.
2 I_________________ ride a bike, but I don’ t any more.
3 I ______________ collect stamps, but I don’t any more
4 I _______________ enjoy getting up early, but I do now.
5 I _______________ be worried about the environment, but I am now.
6 I _______________ be afraid of flying, but I’m not anymore.
7 I _______________ know how to use a computer, but I do now
DIDN’T USE TO
USED TO
USED TO
DIDN’T USE TO
DIDN’T USE TO
USED TO
DIDN’T USE TO

10. USES OF GET

11. GET + Get a bus/train A driving license A goal A job
A present for/from
Get away
Better
Worse
Dark
Home / The flu
There
Tired
To school
Together Up
Upset
When you want to go to Valle Real and your mum doesn’t want to give you money anymore. What do you do? you….
When you want to thank your mum for driving you so many times to Valle Real. What do you do? you….
When you are 18 and you want to go to Valle Real and your mum doesn’t want to drive you anymore. What do you do? you….
When you want to go to Valle Real and your mum can’t drive you there. What do you do? you….
When the sun goes down, it ….
GET +
But if it is the other way round, first a 9 and then a 4, …you ….
When in your first exam you have a 4 but in the next one you get a 9 , …you ….
You want to go to Valle Real, and you get a bus to….
In Winter people usually ………, so they have to get home because they are sick
When you have P.E , you ….
If you GET UP late and you don’t run to GET TO SCHOOL your teacher can….
When you are being chased by the police or when you are tired of your job. What do you do? you….
……GET TOGETHER all these words and you have the second part of your vocabulary!!

13. PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

14. Every time you see the word PERFECT it means you are going to have a PAST PARTICIPLE ( ado -ido in Spanish) in English 3rd column or regular verbs
Perfect means have + participle
Present perfect. –>Have conjugated in present
have
has
Past perfect –> Have conjugated in past
had

15. SUBJECT + HAD + PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB
Do you know how to say “ YO HABÍA COMIDO “ in English?
I HAD EATEN
This tense is called PAST PERFECT in English.
STRUCTURE. It is easier than present perfect
I had gone out when she came
She had studied before the exam
It had rained a lot in the winter
We had seen the film before him
They had written all the letters when the boss arrived
SUBJECT + HAD + PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB

16. I had already eaten when I saw the restaurant
USES
To make a narration of a past action generally all together with past simple and using WHEN, BEFORE or AFTER
So that the first action, the furthest one, will be expressed with Past Perfect and the nearest in time with Past Simple.
I had already eaten when I saw the restaurant
It is also used with a conditional tense (third conditional) we will see later on
If I hadn’t gone to the party I wouldn’t have known Peter
HAD in this case doesn’t mean “tuve” but “habia”. It is an auxiliary verb and it has to be accompanied by a main verb. It is possible to use the verb TO HAVE as a main verb , in that case the structure would be
I HAD HAD A CAR.
Before / by the time /When+ past simple
When she arrived to the cinema we have already arrived there
First we arrived to the cinema and later on she arrived there
After / as soon as / because + past perfect
I bought that book because Peter had read it before
First Peter read the book and later I read it

17. SUBJECT +HAD + NOT (HADN’T)+ PAST PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB
QUESTION STRUCTURE
How do we make questions with past perfect? In that case the structure would be...
Had she worked before when you hired her?
NEGATIVE STRUCTURE
How do we make the negative structure of PAST PARTICIPLE?
She had not worked / she hadn’t worked before when I hired her
HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB.+ ?
SUBJECT +HAD + NOT (HADN’T)+ PAST PARTICIPLE OF MAIN VERB

18. PAST PERFECT FINISH THESE SENTENCES After he had read the book he …
When I had the accident I ……………. For hours
I had eaten my breakfast Before I …..
After he had read the book he …
Before I ate I …
MAKE SIMILAR SENTENCES USING AFTER, WHEN AND BEFORE
After I had finished work ,I watched TV
Before I watched TV ,I had finished my work.
Eat breakfast-go to school
When I went to school,I had eaten my breakfast
After I had eaten my breakfast, I went to school
HAD DRIVEN / HAD BEEN DRIVING for hours
WENT TO SCHOOL
WATCHED THE FILM
HAD GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET

19. Your partner’s day backwards (the Memento game)
Starting when your partner went to bed, you must see how many true sentences you can make about things they did before that, working backwards slowly, e.g. “When you went to bed, you had already brushed your teeth” “That’s right” “When you brushed your teeth, you had already had a shower” “Wrong! I had a shower after I cleaned my teeth. My turn.”

20. Police arrive-thief escape
Before the police arrived,the thief had escaped
After the thief had escaped ,the police arrived
WE HAVE STUDIED THESE TENSES TO TALK ABOUT PAST ACTIONS IN ENGLISH. NAME THEM.
Past simple
I bought a new car LAST MONTH
Past continuous
I was buying a new car LAST FRIDAY AT 7:00
Present perfect
I have bought a new car RECENTLY
Present perfect continuous
I have been visiting many authorized dealers FOR TWO MONTHS

21. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO ENGLISH
Cuando ya había hecho la cena llamé a todos a la mesa
When I HAD MADE dinner I CALLED everyone to the table
Cuando llegamos a la fiesta la mayoría de los invitados se habían marchado
By the time we ARRIVED to the party most of the guests HAD LEFT
El se había lavado las manos antes de comerse su sándwich
He HAD WASHED his hands before he ATE his sandwich
Habían acabado de pintar cuando Peter fue a ayudarles
They HAD JUST FINISHED painting when Peter WENT to help them

22. Cuando llegué a la estación el tren ya se había ido
When I ARRIVED at the station the train HAD ALREADY LEFT
El paciente se había muerto antes de que la ambulancia llegara al hospital
The patient HAD DIED before the ambulance REACHED the hospital
John se había comido todos los pasteles cuando los niños llegaron a la fiesta
John HAD EATEN all the cakes by the time the children ARRIVED at the party

23. Ayer Kevin recibió una llamada de Sally
Ayer Kevin recibió una llamada de Sally. El se quedó sorprendido porque le había mandado muchos s y ella no había contestado jamás
Yesterday Kevin HAD/TOOK a call from Sally. He was surprised because HE HAD SENT her lots of s and SHE HAD NEVER answered him.
Intenté llamar a Laura esta mañana pero no Hubo respuesta, ella se había ido ya
I TRIED to pone Laura this morning but THERE WAS no answer, she HAD ALREADY LEFT
Le ofrecí a Sue algo de comer pero ella no tenia hambre porque ya había comido
I OFFERED Sue something to eat but she WASN’T HUNGRY because SHE HAD ALREADY EATEN something

24. Me sentí mejor cuando me hube/había tomado la medicina, por lo tanto decidí ir a la fiesta
I FELT better when I HAD TAKEN the pill / medicine, so I DECIDED going to the party
Todos los niños iban vestidos de blanco
All the children WERE WEARING white
Yo estaba aquí parada en la esquina cuando el accidente tuvo lugar
I WAS STANDING here on the corner WHEN THE ACCIDENT TOOK PLACE/OCCURRED
Mi madre acaba de hacer la comida, ¿porque no te quedas con nosotros?
My mother HAS JUST MADE LUNCH? Why DON’T YOU STAY with us?
Estuve en Newcastle con mis amigos el año pasado y me gustó muchísimo la ciudad
I WAS in Newcastle with my friends last year and I ENJOYED a Lot the city
I VISITED Newcastle last year with my friends and I LOVED/LIKED the city a lot

25. Por lo que a mi respecta ella no es un buena amiga
porque siempre está hablando con Peter, sin embargo
no le importa
As far as I’m concerned SHE IS NOT good friend because SHE IS ALWAYS TALKING to/with Peter, however/nevertheless SHE DOESN’T MIND it
Mientras que estábamos tomando el sol de repente,
empezó a llover
While WE WERE SUNBATHING, suddenly it STARTED to rain
¿Que estaba haciendo Mike mientras estabas limpiado
la casa? El estaba escribiendo una carta a su primo
Joan
What WAS MIKE DOING while YOU WERE CLEANING the house? HE WAS WRITING a letter to his cousin Joan
¿Alguna vez has comido comida china? No, nunca la he
probado, pero me encanta la japonesa
HAVE YOU EVER EATEN Chinese food? No, I HAVE NEVER TRIED it, BUT I REALLY LOVE the Japanese one

26. HAD MADE HAD GONE HAD PAID HAD PASSED HAD STUDIED
Put the verbs into the correct form (Past Perfect simple).
A. My little brother ate all of the cake that I _____________________ (make).
B. The waitress brought a dish that we _____________________ (not / order) .
C. Last night I couldn't get in because I _____________________ (forget) my keys.
D. When we arrived at the station, the train _____________________ (go).
E. They didn't have any money because they _____________________ (pay) all the bills.
F. We had a big party because we _____________________ (pass) all our exams.
G. I got to the cinema at 6.30 but fortunately the film ____________________ (not start) .
H. I was exhausted because I _____________________ (study) too much.
HAD MADE
HADN’T ORDERED
HAD FORGOTTEN
HAD GONE
HAD PAID
HAD PASSED
HADN’T STARTED
HAD STUDIED

27. Put the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.
1. When their mum _______________ (come) home last night, the children _______________ (eat) their dinner.
2 It started to rain and I _____________(remember) that I _______________ (forget) to close my bedroom window.
3. I _______________ (find) a book that I ______ never _______________ (read)
5. We _______________ (try) to change the plane tickets but it was too late they _______already ___________ (edit) the boarding pass.
6. I _______________ (think) I _______________ (met) this girl before.
CAME
HAD EATEN
REMEBERED
HAD FORGOTTEN
FOUND
HAD NEVER READ
TRIED
HAD ALREADY EDITED
THOUGH
HAD MET

28. Circle the correct answers:
1. I didn't recognise / hadn't recognised Sue, because she cut / had cut her hair.
2. I arrived / had arrived at the shop at 6.45, but it already closed / had already closed.
3. David didn't play / hadn't played the match because he hurt / had hurt his leg.
4. When he had finished / finished his dinner he sat down / had sat down to watch TV.
5. It was / had been a film I didn't see / hadn't seen before.

29. ACTIVITIES
grammar.com/past-perfect-exercise-1.html
up/grammar/past-perfect-simple/exercises
perfect-exercises.html#01
perfect-exercises.html#02

30. Past simple and continuous

31. Form (structure) Meaning & Use Pronunciation
The Simple Past Tense
Form (structure)
Meaning & Use
Pronunciation

33. It is used to talk about things in the past
In the Middle Ages, few people knew how to read and write (En la Edad Media poca gente sabía leer y escribir).
It is also used to talk about a short action which interrupted a longer one which was in process. The short action is usually introduced by the conjunction WHEN
When you called, we were having dinner. (Cuando llamaste estabamos cenando.)

34. In English when you talk in the past you use two main verbs
In English when you talk in the past you use two main verbs. Irregular verbs. Those verbs ending with ED work(ed) – live(ed) - study(studied) Regular verbs. Those you have to memorise do ( did-done) buy ( bought) But this change is only applied in affirmative sentences I lived in Rome I didn’t live in Paris
I bought a new house
I didn’t buy a new car

35. Remember !
‐ to make questions and negative sentences in the past you use the auxiliary "Did“ with any subject.
‐ Did is an auxiliary (it doesn’t not mean HACER) so, it is not going to be used with TO BE.
For example. It is a very big mistake to say "Didn't are." (incorrect), but "You weren't." (correcto).

36. FINISHED ACTIONS IN THE PAST
AFFIRMATIVE
REGULAR / IRREGULAR VERBS
I felt bad when I read about the tsunami news
She watched that horrible film and he had nightmares
NEGATIVE FORM
SUBJECT + DIDN’T + INFINITIVE
I didn’t feel happy when I read bout the tsunami news
She didn’t watch that horrible film so he didn’t have nightmares
INTERROGATIVE FORM
DID + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE?
Did she feel bad when she read about the tsunammi news?
WH – WORD + DID + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE ?
Why did you have nightmares?

37. Exceptions
CAN / COULD they are considered MODAL VERBS so they have their own rules
could yu speak to her?
Questions with WHO. If you ask for the subject you don’t use auxiliary verbs because we don’t know who the subject is
Who came to the party yesterdy?
Verb TO BE
SUBJECT+ WAS/WERE + NOT (WASN'T/WEREN'T) + OBJECT.
She wasn't here. Ella no estuvo aquí.
WH- WORD+ WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + OBJECT + ?
When was it?. ¿Cuándo fue?
Were you there? ¿Estuviste allí?

38. PAST CONTINUOUS

40. Positivo Sujeto + was/were + el verbo principal acabado en "ing".
‐ I was working yersterday (yo estuve trabajando ayer)
‐ She was studying last month (ella estuvo estudiando el mes pasado)
‐ It was snowing last year. Estuvo nevando el año pasado.
Note talking about the weather the subject is "It".
‐ They were looking for you. (Ellas/os te estuvieron buscando)
Negativo Sujeto + was/were + not + verbo principal terminado en "ing"
‐ She was not (wasn´t) working. (Ella no estuvo trabajando.)
‐ She didn't live here (ella no vivió aquí)
Pregunta Was/Were + sujeto + verbo principal terminado en "ing" + ?
‐ Was she working last year?. (¿Estuvo ella trabajando el año pasado?)

41. Remember past continuous is made the same way the present continuous was made but you have to change "am/is/are" for "was/were“
It is used to talk about an action in progress in the past
In spanish it is translated as Yo/Tú..estuve/estuviste... + main verb fnished with ando/endo. For example: Yo estuve durmiendo. I was sleeping

42. What were you doing…? Yesterday at 7:00 in the morning…
On Tuesday morning…
On Monday at night…
On the 31st at 0:00…
This morning at 8:00…

43. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
Yo no estaba limpiando la habitación, estaba buscando a mi perro. El estaba perdido
I wasn’t cleaning the room, I was looking for my dog. He was lost
Hicieron una película en Los Ángeles aunque se gastaron todo el dinero y tuvieron que volver. La película no está terminada
They made a film in LA although they spent all the money and they had to come back. The film is not finished
Mi hermana y mi madre no me ayudaron, estaban leyendo y no querian parar
My sister and my mum didn’t help me, they were reading and they didn’t want to end

44. Paula estaba corriendo en tu casa cuando se calló y se rompió su pierna.
Paula was running in your house when she fell down and he broke her leg
¿Dónde estuviste despues del colegio? No había nadie fuera del edificio, así que me fui a casa.
Where were you after school? There wasn’t anybody outside the buiding so I came back/went home
¿Estabas jugando fuera con nuestro perro cuando te mandé un mensaje?
Were you playing outside with our dog when I texted you?

45. Student Practice:
Good Luck!!!

46. Wanna know more about the Past Continuous Tense? Click here
astsimpleorcontinuous/exercise1.html
astsimpleorcontinuous/exercise5.html
astsimpleorcontinuous/exercise6.html
astsimpleorcontinuous/exercise2.html
astsimpleorcontinuous/exercise4.html