1. Effects of cigarette smoke on fertilization and embryo development in vivo 
Junjiu Huang, Maja Okuka, Mark McLean, David L. Keefe, Lin Liu 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 92, Issue 4, Pages (October 2009)
DOI: /j.fertnstert
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Representative images showing morphology of eggs (zygotes) collected from mice exposed to smoke or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for 4 weeks and embryo development to blastocysts in vitro for 96 h (experiment A).
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in eggs collected from mice exposed to smoke or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). (A) Images showing fluorescence of chloromethyl-dichlorohydrofluorescein (CM-DCF) signals in fertilized and fragmented eggs. Arrow: increased ROS in a fragmented egg. (B) Relative quantification of ROS represented as mean ± SD (n = 6–8) using MetaMorph imaging analysis (experiment A). P>.05 among groups.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Immunofluorescence micrographs showing expression and localization (green) of Oct4 (A) and apoptotic nuclei (B) by TUNEL staining in the developed embryos of mice exposed to smoke or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and compared with control mice without exposure to smoke. Nuclei were counterstained by propidium iodide (red).
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Representative images showing morphology of embryos collected from treated mice after fertilization and continuous exposure to smoke or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) for 4 more days (experiment C). Bl = blastocyst; Ly = lysed embryo; Mo = morula.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
Telomere shortening in embryos from mice exposed to smoke or cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). (A) Immunofluorescence micrographs showing telomere quantitative FISH telomeres in the developed embryos of mice exposed to smoke or CSC and compared with control mice without exposure to smoke. 4W = exposure for 4 weeks, followed by mating and fertilization and continuous exposure for 4 days when blastocysts were collected; 4d = exposure for 4 days after mating and fertilization. (B) Relative telomere length by quantification of telomere fluorescence signals (experiments B and C). The numbers indicated in the bars represent number of chromosome spreads used for telomere analysis.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2009 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions