1. Volume 69, Issue 5, Pages 785-787 (March 2006)
Expression of Toll-like receptors in the kidney: their potential role beyond infection 
B. Schroppel, J.C. He 
Kidney International 
Volume 69, Issue 5, Pages (March 2006)
DOI: /sj.ki
Copyright © 2006 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
‘Danger signals’ caused by ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury, alloimmune response, or therapeutic interventions to influence gene expression have the potential to serve or release ligands, which activate Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed along the nephron. This leads to upregulation of kidney-derived proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, attracting effector cells and causing renal dysfunction. TIRAP, Toll–interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein; TRIF, Toll–interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β.
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /sj.ki )
Copyright © 2006 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions