1. A Ubiquitin-like Protein Involved in Membrane Fusion
Suresh Subramani, Jean-Claude Farré 
Cell 
Volume 130, Issue 1, Pages (July 2007)
DOI: /j.cell
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1 Atg8-PE and the Autophagosome Membrane
In yeast, the isolation membrane that engulfs nonselective cargo during autophagy is believed to form at the preautophagosomal structure (PAS), which is adjacent to the vacuole/lysosome. In the vesicle-dependent (Model A) expansion or closure of the autophagosome membrane, Atg8-containing vesicles of unknown origin (Kirisako et al., 1999) fuse with the isolation membrane, in a reaction involving Atg8-PE on both isolation membranes and vesicles (Boxes 1 and 2). (Box 1) The vesicles allow expansion of the isolation membrane; (Box 2) the vesicles contribute to completion of autophagosome formation. Events depicted in Box 2 seem more likely because expanded isolation membranes and autophagosome-like structures are seen even in cells lacking Atg8, albeit at a lower frequency (Kirisako et al., 1999). Model B shows the vesicle-independent expansion or closure of the isolation membrane during autophagosome formation. The inner (light pink) and outer (dark pink) leaflets of the lipid bilayer are shown. Hemifusion caused by Atg8-PE (blue) would involve mixing of the outer or proximal leaflets.
Cell  , 18-20DOI: ( /j.cell )
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions