1. Sink Holes, Floods, Fires, and Droughts
Natural Disasters
Sink Holes, Floods, Fires, and Droughts

2. Natural Event/Disaster effects on the Environment
Natural events and disasters have both beneficial and adverse effects to an environment.

3. History of Fire
Since the beginning of time man has depended on fire for survival.
Fires have been used to heat homes, cook foods, disinfect instruments, and generate power.
A fire occurs as the result of a chemical reaction (when two chemicals interact causing an explosion at the atomic level) they grow with the addition of oxygen.
Mention steam engines and coal engines both use a source of fire to operate.

4. Fires
Fires can be caused by lightning, volcanic eruptions, droughts, hot weather, and humans
Fires can spread quickly with fuel from dead branches, dry leaves, and rotting plants. During periods with little rain, a fire can spread even faster
Fires:
ground fires – burns grass and low lying vegetation
surface fires – burns trunks of trees as well as low lying vegetation
crown fires – burn through the top of trees
brush fires – caused by people either on purpose or accidently
*Think about what you smell, hear, or hear?
*After teacher demonstration, why do you think that happened?

5. Fires
PROS
Some plants require fire to release their seeds -- ex. scrub pines & pitcher plants
keeps ecosystem in balance by clearing away dead and dying plants to make more room for new plants to grow
CONS
damage natural resources
destroy wildlife habitat
destroy homes and businesses
can lead into increased soil erosion

6. How to put fires out
Because fires are a result of a chemical reaction there are several different ways to put out a fire
Water (not effective on grease, chemical or electrical fires)
Fire extinguisher
Fire blanket
Stop, drop, and roll
Sand
Something VERY important to keep in mind is that fire’s need oxygen to survive so the LAST thing you want to do is blow out a fire or put it in front of a fan, you may make it bigger or spread it!
Water: friction fires, brush fires, open flame, Arson NO CHEMICAL FIRES
Fire Extinguisher: chemical fire and all other fires
Fire blanket: certain chemical fires and all others
Stop drop and roll: humans only animals cant roll around
Use jar candle example to show the need for oxygen

7. Drought
can be classified as a long period of time with little to no precipitation
can cause serious problems such as crop damage, livestock death, & water supply shortages.
severity of a drought depends upon the degree of moisture deficiency, the duration, and the size of the affected area
can increase risk of fire
Complete K-O-E flow of water demonstration so students can see importance of water flow
Complete water conservation activity so that students can feel the effects of

8. Droughts
without sufficient amounts of water, governments often enact water restrictions
Florida can measure the degree of drought by the levels of water in Lake Okeechobee
*Remember*
-water makes up about 75% of the Earth’s surface
-water makes up about 70% of our own body

9. The great dustbowl of the1930’s
During the 1930’s the western part of the United States suffered the greatest drought in the countries history. 70% of the land completely dried out and began to fly away like dust
Bottom picture is of a giant ball/storm of dust traveling towards a city

10. Floods
Can be caused by heavy rains, river overflow, ocean waves, snow melts too fast, or dam or levee break.
Flooding may be only a few inches or it may cover a multistory house.
Floods that happen very quickly are called flashfloods.

11. PROS
seasonal flooding can renew important nutrients
floods can recharge water supplies in dams and underground aquifers.
can distribute large amounts of water and suspended river sediment over vast areas.
CONS
can destroy homes and endanger lives

12. Sink Holes
Sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by groundwater circulating through them. As the rock dissolves, spaces and caverns develop underground. Sinkholes are dramatic because the land usually stays intact for a while until the underground spaces just get too big.

13. Invasive Species
These are plants, animals, or pathogens that are non-native (alien) to the ecosystem that when present, causes a disruption to the ecosystem by displacing native species, killing native species, or competing with other native species for resources. These can be introduced by storms, floods, or even via human interactions.

14. Disease
Disease is a normal part of the natural world. Most ecosystems have organisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that cause disease. The native wildlife may not have natural immunity to them, which can potentially cause a population to die out or go extinct. Disease can be spread through air, water, or direct contact.

15. Review Fire is a result of _______________
Fire needs _________ to survive
This type of fire happens when you rub two things quickly together
You should use ____ to put out an open flame fire
A chemical reaction
Oxygen
Friction
Chemical
fire extinguisher or water

16. Review A period of extremely dry weather ____
Droughts put ____ in the atmosphere
Droughts can kill (list 3)
Droughts are caused by__________
Droughts also cause water levels to __
What is the lake that provides us with water?
Drought
Dust/dirt
Animals, plants, vegetation, communities, soil, business
A prolonged period of no rain
Fall
Okeechobee
Water restriction

17. Review Excessive rain or severe weather can cause ____
Floods can be good and bad, why?
_________ are floods that happen quickly
floods
Flashfloods
Floods can be good because they can help replenish the lands soil and natural earth cycle. However, they can endanger peoples lives if they are not prepared.