1. Unit 6 Earth’s Dynamic Interior

2. Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: Core
Mantle
Crust
Mantle
Crust
Outer core
Inner core

3. The Crust This is where we live The Earth’s Crust is made of Continental and Oceanic
Continental Crust
thick (10-70 km) - buoyant (less dense than oceanic crust) -Older than Oceanic crust
Oceanic Crust
- thin (~7 km) - dense (sinks under continental crust) - Younger than Continental Crust

4. Seismic wave an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake
Reflecting off plate boundaries and refract

5. Mantle is the middle layer inside the Earth below the crust
About 85 % of Earth’s volume
Dense because of heavy elements
Divided into three parts

6. Mantle’s three parts The rigid outer part of the Earth
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere mesosphere
The rigid outer part of the Earth
Crust + Upper Mantle = Lithosphere
Layer below Lithosphere Largest layer of
Mantle
Above the outer core

7. Core=inner core + outer core
solid 
Made of iron
has a radius of about 760 miles 
fluid
made of iron and nickel 
about 2,200 km (1,400 mi) thick

8. 6.2 Tectonic Plates
If you look at a map of the world, you may notice that some of the continents could fit together like pieces of a puzzle.

9. Plate Tectonics
The Earth’s crust is divided into plates which move in different directions
This plate motion causes them to collide, pull apart, or scrape against each other
Each type of interaction causes a characteristic set of Earth structures or “tectonic” features.
Tectonic = deformation of the crust because of plate interaction

10. Plate Tectonics

11. Fault crack in the Earth’s crust where plates slide
Causes the boundaries between tectonic plates

12. Epicenter
the point on the earth's surface directly above the center of an earthquake

13. Continental Margin is the shallow water area near the continent
Has 3 different features:
 continental rise
 continental slope
continental shelf

14. 6.3 Plate interactions

15. Effects of Plate Tectonics
Landforms caused by plate tectonics:
a. rift valleys (divergent boundaries)
b. mountain ranges (continental-continental convergent boundaries)
c. volcanoes (oceanic-continental convergent boundaries)
d. faults (transform boundaries)

16. Causes of Plate Tectonics
Convection Current is the force of plate tectonics
hot, plastic-like material from the mantle
rises to the lithosphere
moves horizontally
cools
sinks back to the mantle
These currents provide enough energy to move the plates in the lithosphere

17. Mantle Convection
  is the slow creeping motion of Earth’s solid mantle
caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the planet's surface
Hot material rises to the crust, cools and sinks to be reheated and rise again

18. Plate Boundaries Convergent Boundaries Transform Boundaries
There are 3 different plate boundaries:
Divergent Boundaries
Convergent Boundaries
Transform Boundaries

19. Divergent Boundaries
= the boundaries between 2 plates that are diverging, or moving away from each other.

20. Convergent Boundaries
= the boundaries between 2 plates that are converging, or moving towards each other.
There are 3 types of convergent boundaries:
An ocean floor plate collides with a less dense continental plate.
An ocean floor plate collides with another ocean floor plate.
A continental plate collides with another continental plate.

21. Subduction zone takes place at convergent boundaries
one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity

22.  Oceanic-Continental
Oceanic-Oceanic 
 Continental-Continental

23. Transform Fault Boundaries
= the boundaries between 2 plates that are sliding horizontally past one another.

24. Oceanic trench a long, narrow, deep depression in the ocean floor
running parallel to a plate boundary
identifies a subduction zone

25. Slab pull = the motion of a tectonic plate caused by its subduction
The motion is driven by the weight of cold, dense plates sinking into the mantle at oceanic trenches

26. Ridge push There are mountain ridges in the ocean.
Gravity pulls them down
This causes an outward force on the sides called ridge push

27. 6.4 Natural Hazards

28. Lava
Hot molten ( semi-fluid ) rock coming out of a volcano

29. seismograph
an instrument that measures and records details of earthquakes, such as force and duration