1. January 31, 2019
LT: *I can analyze and calculate the volume of a bone. Warm-Up Write down as many bones as you can remember.

2. The Skeletal System: A Quick Introduction

3. Bone dance

4. Are the bones in your body living? Explain.

5. Functions of your skeletal system
All bones in your body make up your skeletal system.
It is the framework of your body and have 5 major functions.

6. The skeleton gives shape and support to your body.
2. Bone protect your internal organs.
EX. Your ribs surround the heart and lungs, and the skull encloses the brain.

7. 3. Major muscles are attached to bone and help them move. 4
3. Major muscles are attached to bone and help them move. 4. Blood cells are formed in the center of many bones in soft tissue called red marrow.

8. 5. Major quantities of calcium and phosphorus compounds are stored in the skeleton for later use. (calcium and phosphorus makes bones hard.)

9. Are bones smooth on the surface?

11. A living bone’s surface is covered in a tough, tight fitting membrane called the periosteum.
Small blood vessels in the periosteum carry nutrients into the bone.
Cell involved in growth and repair are also located here.

13. Let’s calculate the volume of a bone.
Height 36cm Diameter 7.0cm

14. What do you remember about calculating the volume of a cylinder?

15. This may help…

16. February 4, 2019 LT: I can identify components of bones.
I can investigate the factors for a healthy skeletal system.
Warm-Up
Which two systems work together to allow movement of the body as the student exercises?
The digestive system and the skeletal system
The digestive system and the immune system
The skeletal system and the muscular system
The muscular system and the immune system

17. Under the Periosteum Three different types of bone tissue.
1. Spongy bone
2. Compact bone
3. Cartilage

18. 1. Spongy bone Located towards the ends of long bones.
Ex. Thigh and upper arms
Has many small open spaces that make the bone lightweight. (Why is this beneficial?)

19. Spongy Bone continued
At the center of long bones are cavities filled with YELLOW and RED marrow.
-YELLOW is composed of fats cells
-RED is composed of red blood cells.
** produce red blood cells at the rate of 2-3 million cells per second.

20. Compact Bone Found directly under the periosteum. Hard strong layer.
Gives bones strength
Living tissue that keeps bone from being too brittle, rigid, or easily broken

21. Cartilage Smooth, slippery, thick layer of tissue.
Located on the ends of bones.
DOES NOT contain blood vessels or minerals
Very flexible
Acts as a shock absorber for joints, and reduces friction.

22. Types of bones
Flat Bones
Long bones
Short bones
Irregular bones

23. Flat Bones
Protect internal organs

24. Long Bones
Support weight and helps with movement

25. Short Bones
Cubed Shaped
Provides stability and some movement

26. Irregular Bones
Have complex shapes
Protects internal organs

29. Building Bones

30. Bone Formation At birth, you have more than 300 bones.
As you develop those bones fuse together to make 206.
Healthy bone tissue is always being formed and reformed.

31. Bone Cells Osteoblast: Bone cells that BUILD UP bones
Osteoclast: Bone cells that breaks down bones.
- When bones are broken down calcium and phosphate is released back into the blood stream.

32. What Are Bones? Bones fit together to make your skeleton.
The skeleton gives the body shape and structure.
With the help of muscles, the skeleton helps you move.
Bones are living tissue, they provide structural support, protect vital organs and store calcium.

33. What are bones? It is important to keep bones strong throughout life.
Building strong bones begins in childhood. Bones are rapidly growing at this stage in life, and need activity and nutrients to lay a strong foundation.
Bones continue to grow, but they reach their strongest possible point in your 20s.
Think of your bones as a savings account. There is only as much bone mass in your account as you deposit. The critical years for building bone mass are from prior to adolescence to your 20’s and 30’s.

34. What are bones? Bone is made of:
a protein called collagen that lays a soft framework
the mineral calcium phosphate that makes the bone hard
other minerals
water
cells

35. There are two main ways to make
Strong bones
There are two main ways to make
bones stronger:
Weight-bearing physical activity
&
Eating foods with calcium
and Vitamin D

36. What is weight-bearing physical activity?
Weight-bearing means you are on your feet, or your body is working against gravity.
The actions of these activities stimulate bones to make more tissue, increasing bone strength.

37. What is weight-bearing physical activity?
Some Activities That Are Weight-bearing
Jumping rope
Running
Soccer
Dancing
Karate
Hiking
Tennis

38. What is weight-bearing physical activity?
Some Activities That Are Not
Weight-bearing
Biking
Swimming
Riding a Scooter
Remember all physical activity is good for you, weight-bearing and non weight-bearing!
Just be sure to add in some weight-bearing activities to your normal routine for bone health.

39. Calcium and Vitamin D
The calcium you get from foods help strengthen bones.
Vitamin D helps the body to absorb the calcium you eat so that it can be used.
Vitamin D can be found in the foods you eat.
Our body can also make Vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight.

40. How Calcium Works
The calcium used to harden or strengthen bone comes from our blood and the calcium in our blood comes from the foods we eat.
Remember the protein collagen lays a soft framework in the bone.
Once the collagen is laid, calcium from the blood fills in the framework, and makes the bone hard.
Calcium is needed for Bone formation, Blood clotting (control bleeding), Regulates heart beat, Muscle function, and Nerve transmission.

41. Calcium-rich Foods Low fat dairy products
Yogurt
Cheese
Milk
Items made with milk like pudding
Foods “fortified” with Calcium
Orange juice
Soy milk
Cereal

42. Vitamin D is found in a lot of same foods as calcium such a milk.
How Much Calcium
Calcium in food is measured in milligrams.
You can determine how much calcium you need in milligrams, or in servings of calcium-rich foods.
Vitamin D is found in a lot of same foods as calcium such a milk.

43. How Much Calcium Each Day
Age (years)
Milligrams
of Calcium
Servings of Calcium-rich foods
4 to 8
800 2
9 to 18
1,300 3
This sounds like a lot, but think about how big your skeleton is!
That calcium has a lot of work to do!

44. So what do you know about building bones?
True or False?
Running is a weight-bearing activity.
Riding a bike is a weight-bearing activity.
Doing weight-bearing activity and eating calcium-rich foods are two ways you can build strong bones.
Youth aged 9 to 18 need about 500mg of calcium each day.
Milk yogurt and cheese are good sources of calcium.
1- True
2- False
3- True
4- False – 1300mg
5- True
Summarize:
Key Messages: Diet and Exercise to Maintain Healthy Bones for LIFE!

45. February 5, 2019
LT: I can identify types of joints. Warm-Up What are the 4 types of bones? Describe them and provide an example.