1. Mobile Programming
Dr. Mohsin Ali Memon

2. Introducing Mobile Computing
A technology that allows transmission of data, via a computer, without having to be connected to a fixed physical link *
Mobile data communication is rapidly evolving technology as it allows users to transmit data from remote locations to other remote or fixed locations. *

3. Mobile Computing Devices
Smart phones
Tablets
Laptops
PDAs
Notebook PCs

4. Applications of Mobile Computing
Emergency services
CDPD (Cellular Data Packet Data)
Corporate
Credit card verification
Estate agents
Location services
Traffic information
Entertainment, etc

5. Mobile Networks Mobile Radio Telephone (0G)
Usually mounted in cars or trucks
Typically, the transceiver (transmitter-receiver) was mounted in the vehicle trunk and attached to the "head" (dial, display, and handset) mounted near the driver seat.
Mobile Telephone System (MTS),Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS), and Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS) systems. 

6. 1G (Wireless telephone technology)
These are the analog telecommunications standards that were introduced in the 1980s and continued until being replaced by 2G digital telecommunications.

7. 2G
2G systems were significantly more efficient on the spectrum allowing for far greater mobile phone penetration levels; and 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with text messages and pictures (SMS and MMS)

8. 3G
It finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TV

9. 4G
Provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access, for example to laptops with USB wireless modems, to smartphones, and to other mobile devices. 
Peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 (Mbit/s) for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 (Gbit/s) for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users).
LTE (Long Term Evolution)

10. Mobile Operating Systems
An operating system that operates a smartphone, tablet, PDA, or other mobile device.
Older Mobile OS
Meego
Palm OS
Web OS
Windows Mobile

11. Android It is from Google Inc. and is free and open source
Android's releases prior to 2.0 (1.0, 1.5, 1.6) were used exclusively on mobile phones.
The current Android version is 4.4.
The releases are nicknamed like Ginger Bread (2.3), Honeycomb (3.0), Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0), Jelly Bean (4.1) and Kit Kat (4.4).

12. iOS
iOS is from Apple Inc. It is closed source and proprietary and built on open source Darwin core OS.
The Apple iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad and second-generation Apple TV all use this operating system derived from Mac OS X. 

13. Other Mobile OS Blackberry Windows Phone Symbian Firefox OS
It includes full integration of Microsoft services such as OneDrive and Office, Xbox Music , Xbox Video , Xbox Live games
Symbian
Firefox OS

14. Basics of Android Application
In Android, the applications are programmed in Java.
Following are the types of Android applications
Foreground Activity
An application that’s only useful when it’s in the foreground and is effectively suspended when it’s not visible.
Games and map mashups are common examples.

15. Basics of Android Application cont’d
Background Service
An application with limited interaction that spends most of its lifetime hidden. Examples of this include call screening applications or SMS auto-responders.
Intermittent Activity
Expects some interactivity but does most of its work in the background.
Often these applications will be set up and then run silently, notifying users when appropriate.
A common example would be a media player.

16. Components of Android applications
There are six components that provide the building blocks for Android applications:
Activities
Services
Content Providers
Intents
Broadcast Receivers
Notifications

17. Activities Its is the application’s presentation layer.
Every screen in the application will be an extension of the Activity class.
Activities use Views to form graphical user interfaces that display information and respond to user actions.

18. Services The invisible workers of the application.
Service components run invisibly, updating the data sources and visible Activities and triggering Notifications.
They’re used to perform regular processing that needs to continue even when your application’s Activities aren’t active or visible.

19. Contend Providers A shareable data store.
Content Providers are used to manage and share application databases.
They are the preferred way of sharing data across application boundaries. This means that you can configure your own Content Providers to permit access from other applications

20. Intents A simple message-passing framework
Using Intents, you can broadcast messages system-wide or to a target Activity or Service, stating your intention to have an action performed.
The system will then determine the target(s) that will perform any actions as appropriate.

21. Broadcast Receivers They are Intent broadcast consumers.
By creating and registering a Broadcast receiver, your application can listen for broadcast Intents that match specific filter criteria.
Broadcast Receivers will automatically start your application to respond to an incoming Intent, making them ideal for event-driven applications.

22. Notifications A user notification framework.
Notifications let you signal users without stealing focus or interrupting their current Activities.
They are the preferred technique for getting a user’s attention from within a Service or Broadcast Receiver.