1. What is identity?

2. What does pop culture have to say about being Canadian?
Complete the sheet while you watch the video to help guide our discussion about Canadian identity

4. What are some things that government does for us?
Water treatment
Public Transit
Roads
Waste management (has to deal with waste and follow regulations)
Policing
Parks and recreation
Libraries
Garbage collection
Power rates and power companies
Agriculture -including subsidies for farmers
Education of K-12 and post- secondary students (including tuition rates)
Labour/minimum wage
Regulate sewage treatment
Manages health services
Regulates legal drinking ages
Rental regulations (tenant rights and rental rates)
Chemicals included in products (safety)
Drug safety/access
Food safety
Agriculture -including subsidies for farmers
Regulate sewage treatment
Passports (movement in and out of country)
Immigration
Funds health services
Tariffs on goods
Armed forces and coast guard
Foreign policy

5. https://lop.parl.ca/About/ Parliament/SenatorEugen eForsey/touchpoints/inde x-e.html

6. Three Levels of Government
Municipal – local government
In a town or city, the government leader is the mayor and other elected members are councilors and make up the governing body called a council
A municipal government create bylaws and collects property tax
Provincial
Is in charge of issues and areas of regulation that affect the people in that major geographic region (ex. health care, child welfare, municipal government, labour, property and civil rights, highways and education)
Creates laws and collects taxes (income tax, sales tax, etc.)
Federal – national government
Is in charge of issues and areas of regulation that affect the whole nation (ex. citizenship, foreign policy, currency and banking, national defence and postal service)
Creates laws and collects taxes (tariffs, income tax, sales tax, etc.)
There is some sharing of responsibilities between the federal and provincial governments, especially with health care, agriculture, justice

8. Forms of Government

9. Anarchy
Anarchy is the type of government where there is no government at all.
Every person is left to fend for themselves. People must continue to live through farming on their own land, find water, and build a home on there own.
No one tells you what to do and there is no voting.

10. Anarchy
Advantages:
Freedom – individuals manage their own assets without interference
Disadvantages:
More potential for disorder and inequality
No guiding principles in recognition of basic human rights

11. Extreme individualism

12. Theocracy The religious leaders are also the political leaders
The deity of the religion is recognized as the ultimate source of authority
Political decisions reflect religious dogma (beliefs)

13. Theocracy Advantages: Easier to create social reforms
Easier to implement policy as control /compliance is easier to attain)
Disadvantages:
Intolerance is common and minorities may lack legal status
Innovation is constrained by dogma
Fallible humans, not the deity, are in charge

14. Autocracy: Dictatorship
One person or small group holds all the power
Constitutional limitations on power are ineffective and leaders often resort to force or fraud to gain power and use intimidation, terror and suppression of civil rights to maintain it

15. Autocracy: Dictatorship
Advantages:
Provides organization, control and efficiency.
Disadvantages:
Individual rights are suppressed (freedom of speech, of the press, etc.)
Transition of power is uncertain and can lead to instability

16. Autocracy: Monarchy One person has all the power
The sovereign, or ruler, comes to power through being born into the ruling family
Power is held until death, abdication or overthrow

17. Autocracy: Monarchy Advantages: Disadvantages:
Provides stability, tradition and is a unifying force
Disadvantages:
Is expensive, there are no criteria for becoming leader except birthright, can be remote from populace

18. Constitutional Monarchy
The queen or king acts as head of state while the actual ability to make and pass legislation is held by the elected Parliament
The monarch is bound by the constitution – the rules – and not free will
Formally appoints prime ministers, approves legislation and bestows honours
Safeguards democracy – can call elections

19. Democracy Citizens hold the power
In Direct Democracy all eligible citizens are involved in decision making and voting
In Representational Democracy citizens relinquish decision making powers to elected representatives

20. Democracy Advantages: Protects individual rights and freedoms
Promotes equality
Decisions are made from input from multiple sources
Allows and promotes change
Disadvantages:
Coming to consensus on key issues can be difficult and lengthy
Can lead to wasted resources (time and money)
No guarantee that leaders are competent

22. Ideologies

23. An Ideology is…
An ideology is a system of beliefs or theories reflecting the social needs and aspirations of an individual, a group, a class, or a culture. The ideal way of social organization.
Often, ideology seems invisible - we simply think that our beliefs are natural and obviously true.

26. Fascism: Benito Mussolini’s gift to the world
Fascism developed out of the turmoil Italy experienced following WWI and the Great Depression
Political and economic chaos!!!

27. Fascism Rights and freedoms of the individual are negligible
It is the responsibility of people to serve the state – collective identity
A Strong military is used to obtain and maintain power
Political opposition is forbidden and met with harsh penalties (beatings and death)
Nationalism and militarism are the foundation of government
Tends towards racism to keep the nation strong

28. conservatism Individualism Stability is highly valued
The individual is responsible for financial needs
Stability is highly valued
Change must be made gradually
Undermining stability is very dangerous because societies can easily fall into chaos and violence
Traditional values (social standards)
Police/Military receive strong support
Limited government regulation and intervention
Fewer taxes as well as fewer social supports
Laissez-faire economics – the market will take care of itself

29. Classical Liberalism
It’s all about the liberty and the individual

30. Classical liberalism Individualism Freedom and Equality Progress
Society is a collection of unconnected individuals – individual freedom is a priority
Freedom and Equality
Individuals have the right to make choices for themselves
No person is morally or politically superior to others
Progress
New ideas lead to progress in social, cultural and economic progress
The free market
Individual gain is more important than the community
Individuals should be guided by the invisible hand of the free market to maximize personal and social fulfilment
The role of the state is small – should only remove obstacles to entrepreneurship

31. Liberalism Development of liberalism
Part way through the 19th century liberals realized they had to appeal to a wider section of society and working class men did not own property
Governments can help regulate but not direct the economy
The focus became civil rights
Governments should intervene to maintain basic rights of individuals and groups

32. Early Socialism
Thomas Paine was a key figure in the emergence of claims for the state's responsibilities for welfare and educational provision
Robert Owen – a 19th century social reformer who created cotton mills with the specific intention of providing social and industrial welfare programs to his workers (children/education was a particular interest)

33. Socialism Based on ideas of collectivism Economic equality
 Human beings are social by nature, and society should respect this.
Economic equality
Wealth is distributed equitably among populace - everyone who contributes to production is entitled to benefit
Public ownership
Society, not individuals, should own major industries
Central economic planning 
The government plays a role in managing the economy – not a completely free market

35. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

36. Communism grew out of the massive inequalities and is in essence a political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control 

37. Communism
Marx and Engels considered revolution the inevitable result of class conflict (1848)
In theory, communism is a revolutionary approach to achieving complete equality.
Workers would toss off the shackles of false beliefs and rise up and overthrow the elite.
Classless society in which all members jointly share the means and output of production.
The state controls and directs the economy and property
In reality, authoritarian and violent measures are often required to create and maintain a communist state and the worker’s utopia does not exist

38. The working class will overthrow the ruling class

40. Libertarian vs Authoritarian
In authoritarianism, the collective (or state) is more important than the individual. Authority should be obeyed by the individual.
In libertarianism, it is the individual and their rights that matters most. Protection of individual rights to freedom and autonomy is the primary role of the state.

41. Totalitarianism
Theoretically permits no individual freedom and is a form that seeks to control and direct all aspects of the individual’s life under the authority of the government.
Communism (on the left)
Fascism (on the right)

42. Working with ideologies
Task: Create a mnemonic that will solidify the essentials of the political spectrum for yourself
Create an infographic that clearly differentiates between and describes the characteristics of the main ideologies
Contrast five ideologies and include yourself in the appropriate panel
Include an explanation of why you belong to that ideology – what attracts you to it and what repels you from other ideologies?
This is image based with text – see the example
Use pages 297 to 300 and your notes to guide you.

44. Complete the two political quizzes
Politicalcompass.org/test