1. Human Evolution

2. Classification of Humans
shared characteristics
kingdom
Animalia
sexual reproduction, heterotroph
phylum
Chordata
5 characteristics (notochord, gill slits,…)
class
Mammalia
mammary gland, fur
order
Primates
opposable thumb, fingernails, shoulder sockets can make complete circles, forward facing eyes
family
Hominidae
larger brains and body, complex social behavior, 32 teeth, sexual dimorphism, prolonged period of parental care
genus
Homo
species
Homo sapiens

4. CLADISTICS
State the derived (common) trait of primates, rodents, and rabbits.
State the shared characteristic for the last common ancestor of dinosaurs and primates.
State which two organisms are more closely related to each other, amphibians and ray-finned fish or amphibians and primates.

5. new and old world monkeys Hominidae
relative time
new and old world monkeys
Hominidae
Chimpanzees, Humans,
Gorillas, Oragutans
common Hominidae characteristics
last common ancestor
common primate characteristics

6. Length of Braincase
Zygomatic Arch
Mandible (lower jaw)
Brow Ridge
Forehead
Width of Braincase
Orbits
Sagittal Crest
Canine
Dental Arcade
Foramen Magnum
Canine Diastema

7. Supraorbital Ridge
THICK, BONY RIDGE SOMETIMES CALLED THE “BROW RIDGE”. PROJECTS FROM EYEBROW, OVER BROW SOCKET. Record as small, medium, large or absent.

8. Dental Formula

9. Prognathism
Angle of protrusion of the lower jaw is called prognathism. The hole of the protractor lines up with the bridge of the nose and you draw an imaginary line straight down through the nose cavity. Make sure the skull is parallel with the table top.

10. SAGGITAL CREST
BONY RIDGE THAT RUNS ALONG THE TOP OF A SKULL WHERE MUSCLES ATTACH. ASSOCIATED WITH HEAVY MUSCLES USED TO MOVE THE LOWER JAW. Record as small, medium, large or absent.

11. Foramen Magnum
Is the hole in the skull where the spinal cord enters the brain toward the center of the skull (right) or the back (left)?

12. VOLUME OF CRANIUM OR BRAIN CASE
Measure at the longest point, in millimeters. VOLUME = L x W x H Imagine a container and do not include bony protrusions.