1. Topic 5: Crime Prevention
Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero- tolerance policy can influence crime
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Application: At least one strategy for crime prevention

2. Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
One way to prevent Crime is…

3. Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
AIM:
To challenge existing behaviours about the fear of crime
To challenge existing behaviours about the role of police
To see if there is a link between disorder and anti social behaviour with serious crime

4. Design This is an article not a study. Therefore…
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Design
This is an article not a study. Therefore…
No direct sample (they do make reference to Newark Foot Patrol Experiment - state in New Jersey)
No experimental design - it is a theory of crime
As it refers to Newark Foot Patrol Experiment it could be considered case study
As Kelling accompanied different officers on foot over many hours, can be considered naturalistic participant observation.

5. What did they find? Attitudes about foot patrol are negative
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
What did they find?
Attitudes about foot patrol are negative
Police chiefs felt it reduced mobility and manageability of officers
Officers saw it as a punishment to them - to them, it was hard work with a low chance of catching serious criminals
Despite this, Newark Foot Patrol experiment was introduced in 1980’s
Police went along with it as it was funded
Police used it to gain support from the public
After 5 year evaluation; foot patrols did not reduce crime rates

6. Despite this… Residents reported that they felt crime was reduced
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Despite this…
Residents reported that they felt crime was reduced
They also reported taking fewer behavioural precautions (eg staying home with doors locked)
Foot patrol had high morale and job satisfaction, as well as good relations with community

7. They also introduced informal rules.
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Authors suggest; rather than catching criminals of serious crime, the officers prevented crime through public order.
For example, officers got to know the community and understand who was a regular and who was not.
They also introduced informal rules.
For example, drinks could sit on steps but not low down, begging was forbidden, drinking was kept off main streets.
Residents also felt more confident to report disorders because they felt like something would be done about it, they felt relieved when police around

8. Broken Window Metaphor
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Broken Window Metaphor
When one window in a building is smashed and left unrepaired, the rest will soon be smashed
Wilson & Kelling suggests that this is true in a neighbourhood when no one cares about a property
Zimbardo (1969) showed this
A vehicle was left in inner city area and up-market area. When the vehicle was damaged, hours later, the car was badly vandalised.
He found unattended behaviour inevitably leads to the break own of community control, and the idea that no one cares can breed more serious crime

9. Broken Window Metaphor
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Broken Window Metaphor
Broken Windows effect influences attitudes - they no longer care what happens in community
Tackling low level anti social behaviour such as drunken disorderly is not a priority for officers.
Civilians don’t think officers are interested, potential criminals see the lack of police control and or community interest in preventing crime, so the crime activity escalated
Authors suggest foot patrol officers, the presence of police in the area who appear to care, have key role in building community relations in preventing crime

10. Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Conclusions
Relationship between low level and serious crime can be understood using broken windows metaphor
Public order should be created and maintained by police and community

11. Topic 5: Crime Prevention
Background: How the features of neighbourhoods and how a zero- tolerance policy can influence crime
Key Research: Wilson and Kelling (1982) The Police and Neighbourhood Safety: Broken Windows
Application: At least one strategy for crime prevention