1. COLD WAR continues …
1950s – 1960s

2. Cold War Policy – 1950s John Foster Dulles (Sec. of State)
Brinkmanship
Who will back down first?

3. Domino Theory
Justification for intervention and aid to foreign nations threatened by communism

4. SEATO – 1954 to 1977 Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
Defense pact between Australia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand, France, Britain, and the US

5. Nikita Khrushchev March 1953 – Stalin died Khrushchev took over
1955 – Eisenhower and Khrushchev, w/ British and French met – Geneva Summit
Hopes for peaceful relations

6. Suez Canal Crisis (1956)
Soviets gave $$ to Egypt for dam construction, cut off the Suez Canal to western nations.
Led to a more strict US policy
Eisenhower Doctrine (1957), US would use military force to stop communism
OPEC (1960)

7. “Technological Pearl Harbor”
October 4, 1957 – Sputnik orbited the earth

8. U.S. Response
December 6th, 1957
Vanguard Missile with US satellite

9. Who’s to blame ??? The U.S. Education System !!!
Solving the education lag
National Defense Education Act
NASA established

10. Space Race

11. Explorer 1 October 4, 1957
Dr. Wernher von Braun
US answer to Sputnik

12. NASA Space Missions Mercury (1958-63) Put a man into orbit
Test - Jan. 31, #65 aka Ham
Soviet success – Yuri Gagarin (April 12, 1961) – 108 minutes
Alan Shepard (May 5, 1961) – suborbital 15 minute flight
John Glenn – first to orbit the earth

13. Gemini Program Purpose: get a man into space, space travel
Train astronauts to live in space (8 days to 2 weeks)
Train for space walks
Be able to re-enter Earth’s atmosphere

14. Apollo Missions
Purpose – get a man on the moon

15. Apollo 11 – July 20, 1969
Neil Armstrong
Buzz Aldrin
Michael Collins

16. Massive Retaliation

17. Increased spending on weapons
“Massive retaliation” ICBM – Intercontinental ballistic missile

18. Foreign Affairs

19. VP Nixon visited Moscow – July 1959
“Kitchen Debate” – Nixon stands up to Khrushchev

20. Sept. 1959 Khrushchev came to the U.S.
“See ya next year in Paris”

21. U-2 Incident – May 1, 1960 U-2 spy plane shot down over USSR
Pilot Gary Powers
Paris Conference

22. CUBA U.S. left in 1933 – part of Good Neighbor policy Fidel Castro
1959 – Castro took power in Cuba
Eisenhower cut trade
Castro sought aid from USSR

23. Eisenhower’s Farewell
In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military-industrial complex. The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist. We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberties or democratic processes.

24. John F. Kennedy
1960s Cold War Policy

25. Bay of Pigs Invasion April 1961 – US supported takeover of Cuba failed
Effect – more support from USSR

26. Berlin Wall - 1961 What prejudice does the cartoon depict?
How could this be a tool to persuade Americans?

27. Cuban Missile Crisis

28. Peaceful Resolution Soviets removed missiles from Cuba
US promised to never invade Cuba and to remove the same from Turkey
Maintain a “hot line” between White House and Kremlin

29. Kennedy’s Realization
Sec. of Defense John McNamara
Flexible response
Build up of conventional military
Nuclear weapons are unforgiving