1. Period 3:
Whats the significance of the election of 1800 regarding the transition of power?
APUSH

2. 1. French and Indian War (1754-1763)
Scotch-Irish
Protestant Scottish settlers who migrated form British-controlled northern Ireland to the American colonies in the 1700s
After migrating to the Pennsylvania frontier, found themselves thrust into the British-French conflict
French and Indian War (Seven Years War)*
Imperial war between Britain and France for control of North America, beginning in 1754
Became a large scale European War in 1765
Native Americans generally supported the French
British Defeat of the French
Under the Treaty of Paris, which ended the French and Indian War, Britain gained possession of all of French Canada and Spanish Florida
France got lucrative sugar colonies in the Caribbean
Britain at peace for the first time in 50 years

3. 2. Effects of the French and Indian War on Native Americans
Proclamation Line of 1763
Britain established a boundary in the Appalachian Mountains
Banned colonists from settling west of the boundary
Designed to prevent conflict with the Native Americans

4. 3. American Independence from Great Britain
Sugar Act, 1764
British law that taxed sugar and other colonial imports to pay for some of Britain’s expenses in protecting the colonies during the French and Indian War
Stamp Act, 1765
British law that established a direct tax in the colonies on written documents, including newspapers, legal documents and playing cards
Protests led to its repeal in 1766
Declaratory Act, 1766
The British Parliament asserted they had “the sole and exclusive right” to tax the colonists
Rejecting idea that power to tax should lie in the hands of the colonial assemblies

5. 3. American Independence from Great Britain
John Dickinson, Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer
Dickinson was a landowner and lawyer who published 12 letters opposing taxation with out representation
He said that it violated the colonists’ rights as English citizens
Boston Massacre, 1770
British troops killed five colonists by firing on a mob of people who had been taunting them and throwing stones

6. Homework!
#2 a, c #3 c, e-
Reading: (excluding 88-89)

7. 4. Leaders of the Movement for American Independence
Ben Franklin*
American writer, scientist, inventor and diplomat
Significant leader of the American independence movement
Negotiated the Treaty of Alliance with France during the American Revolution
Also negotiated the treaty ending the American Revolution
Attended the Constitutional convention in 1787

8. 5. Philosophy of the American Independence Movement
John Locke
Philosopher who believed government believed on the will of the governed
Life Liberty and Property
The Enlightenment (Age of Reason)*
18th century philosophical movement in Europe
Emphasized individualism and reason
Republican form of government*
Free people govern themselves through elected representatives
Why cant you just shoot people? Why do we follow laws?

9. 5. Philosophy of the American Independence Movement
Thomas Paine, Common Sense, 1776
Common Sense was a pamphlet that attacked the British monarchy, calling for American independence from Britain
Declaration of Independence
Formal statement declaring colonies free of Britain
Put quote here

10. 5. Philosophy of the American Independence Movement
Adam Smith
Scottish philosopher whose ideas helped fuel the creation of the market system in the US
Believed free market competition would benefit society as a whole
Why is it good to have more than one person who sells bread? (incentive for a wide variety of goods and services)

11. 6. Reasons for American Success in the War for Independence
George Washington*
Commander in Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution

12. 7. Effects of the American Revolution on the ideas of Liberty and Family
Republican motherhood*
A view of womanhood after the American Revolution
Stressed the importance of the role of the mother in the “traditional” family
Mothers were expected to instill “republican values” in their children
Patriotism, honor etc.
How has the role of women changed over time? What about colonialism? Farming days?

13. 7. Effects of the American Revolution on the ideas of Liberty and Family
French Revolution, 1789
Period of radical social and political change throughout Europe
Began with an uprising against the King of France

14. 8. Articles of Confederation
First constitution of the United States
Created an extremely limited scope of powers
Emphasized states rights over federal power
Congress could make taxation decisions, but lacked enforcement power
What are some things that would have influenced their choice to make the Articles so limited?

15. 9. Creation of the U.S. Constitution
Constitutional Convention, 1787
Convention to write a new constitution for he US
Met May-September in 1787
Great Compromise
Compromise at the convention that decided that Congress would have two houses
Senate
House of Representatives
Anti-Federalists*
People who opposed the ratification of the US constitution
Arguments included fear that the US President would become another king, and fear of the federal government having too much power
Federalist Papers, *
85 essays written by Hamilton, Madison and John Jay, defending the new US constitution

16. 10. Creation of the U.S. Constitution
George Washington*
Leader of the American Revolution who presided at the Constitutional Convention before becoming the first President of the US
Bill of Rights, 1791*
During the ratification of the Constitution demands for greater guarantees of rights resulted in a promise for the addition of a Bill of Rights
Added in 1791

17. 10. Creation of the U.S. Constitution
John Adams*
Revolutionary leader that played a key role in the vote for American Independence
After the revolution served as a minister to Great Britain
First Vice President of the United States, second President
Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan
Introduced policies to fund the federal debt at par
Federal assumption of state banks
First Bank of the United States
Privately owned bank that operated as both a commercial bank and a fiscal agent for the US government
Based in Philadelphia, granted a 20 year charter in 1791 by Congress

18. 10. Creation of the U.S. Constitution
Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
Laws passed by the US Congress that prevented immigrants from participating in politics and to silence those who criticized the Federalist Party and the US Government
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798
Statements authored secretly by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in response to Alien and Sedition Acts
Resolutions asserted state rights to veto federal legislation

19. 11. Us Foreign Policy, 1783-1800 Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793
Without using the world “neutrality” Washington proclaimed the US would give no military support to the French in their war against Britain
US had a treaty of alliance with France and Washington didn’t formally deny it when he gave his statement
XYZ Affair, 1797
American envoys to France were told they needed to loan money to France and bribe government officials in order to meet with French officials
Led to a “Quasi-War” with France that lasted until 1800

20. 12. Formation of Political Parties
Washington’s Farewell Address, 1796
President Washington warned about the dangers of divisive political parties and permanent foreign alliances
“One Last Time”
Federalist Party
Political party associated with Alexander Hamilton
Supported Britain in its war against France
Strong federal government, loose interpretation of the constitution
Supported First National Bank
Democratic-Republican Party
Political party associated with Thomas Jefferson
Supported states rights and strict interpretation of the constitution
Opposed First National Bank

21. 12. Formation of Political Parties
Thomas Jefferson
Chief author of the Declaration of Independence
Governor of Virginia during the American Revolution
US Minister to France after the revolution
Third president of the US
Leader of the Republican-Democratic Party
James Madison
Virginia planter, political theorist
Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
Work in creating the Bill of Rights and the constitution earned him the title “Father of the Constitution”
Alexander Hamilton
First Secretary of the Treasury
Funded the national debt through taxes, tariffs and the sale of western land
Used the power of the national government to assume state debts and create a Bank of the United States

22. 13. Slavery and the New Nation
Pennsylvania Gradual Emancipation
Law that made Pennsylvania the first state to abolish slavery
No child born after the Gradual Emancipation would be enslaved
Why is it significant that Pennsylvania is the first state to outlaw slavery?

23. 14. Native Americans and the New Nation
Iroquois Confederation
A league of five (later six) Iroquois nations that was a powerful force influencing French, Dutch, and British policy in the northeastern colonies for over 200 years
Chief Little Turtle
Formed the Western Confederation in the northwest territories
Fought against colonization from the US and won a few victories in the 1790s
Defeated at the Battle of Fallen Timbers
Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
Kentucky rifleman defeate3d several Native American tribes, bringing an end to Native American resistance
Treaty of Grenville, 1795
US agrees to buy land from Native American tribes that would later become Ohio
Why is geography significant when talking about the Iroquois vs the Western Confederation

24. 15. The Westward Movement before 1800
Northwest Ordinances*
A series of ordinances, or declarations issued under the Articles of Confederation
Provided a way to admit new states to the union
Promoted public education and the protection of private property
Outlawed slavery in the Northwest Territory