OT102 Old Testament 2 (Joshua – Song of Songs)

OT102 Old Testament 2 (Joshua – Song of Songs)

OT102: Background and Joshua
Jeremy D. Little First Saturday 2/24/2018 Spring 2018

Session 1 Judges

Formal Introduction: Author Judges – II Samuel
Authors: Samuel, Phinehas the priest (Josh 24:33), Gad the Seer, Nathan the Prophet, and the priestly and prophetic communities According to Jewish tradition in the Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 14b-15a) These are compilations of existing records from the various eyewitnesses with updates

Dates Judges – II Samuel
Judges: circa B.C. (additions were made at even later dates) Compiled after Saul became king “In those days there was no king in Israel” 17:6; 18:1; 19:1; 21:25 Compiled before Samuel’s death Compiled before David captured Jerusalem since it was still under control of the Jebusites (1:21) David was 37 when he conquered Jerusalem (II Sam 5:4-9) which was around the year 1004 B.C. The time covers over 300 years of history (c ’s)

Ruth: early 11th century to late 10th century B.C. (c. 1030’s-980’s) Tradition holds Samuel wrote most of it so it was written in his lifetime, but completed after David became king The events take place in the time of the Judges Ruth is David’s great great grandmother (4:17) The time covers the lifetime of Naomi the great, great, great grandmother of David (c. 1100’s B.C.)

I & II Samuel: 1030’s-900’s B.C. Samuel wrote I Sam 1-24 and Gad and Nathan wrote the rest of I & II Samuel Samuel dies in I Sam 25:1 Later compilers likely finished writing it after the kingdom of Israel divided (I Sam 27:6 refers to an addition written in the divided kingdom era) Time span from just before the birth of Samuel to the end of David’s reign (c. 1100’s-971 B.C.)

Provenance, Audience, Genre Judges – II Samuel
Provenance: All of these were written from inside Israel Audience: The Israelites living in the Promised Land Those that lived through these times, but especially those that lived afterward Genre: Mainly Historical Narrative with some poetry

Purpose of Judges The consequence of compromise with the Canaanites
The consequence of Israel’s sins Especially of parents not teaching their children The covenant faithfulness of God for blessings and curses The Cycle in Judges Sin, Judgement, Repentance, Judge (Deliverance), Peace, back to sin (repeat) Highlight that there was no king in Israel, and everyone did as they saw fit

Controversial Issues Date written trips up liberal scholars that don’t understand manuscript transmission and later editors Judges 18:30 was added by a later editor of the priestly or prophetic community It refers to a priestly line in Dan that lasted until the captivity (by the Assyrians) Calculating the timeline The judges are not all consecutive, some are concurrent Extent of control by enemy forces: regional? national? Defining the rest that the “land” had: regional? national? Overlap of the judges ministry vs. the deliverance

Timeline Marker for Judges
Jephthah states that it had been 300 years since the Israelites took the land from king Sihon (c B.C.) East of the Jordan just before the death of Moses 1407 B.C. – 300 years = 1107 B.C. year 1 of Jephthah’s 6 years as judge Joshua died around 1377 B.C. at 110 years old Thus the events from Joshua’s death to Jephthah were a total of 270 years

Judges Exposition

Joshua to Judges (Last Class)
The Land is at peace and rest There are more people to execute God’s judgment upon The older generation is dying off Considering how devout this generation was, how well do you think they will do at training their children as the Law says to do? What will the next generation be like?

Failed Conquests (1:1-36) Joshua died c. 1377 B.C.
Caleb and other elders lived on Judah and Simeon had much success fighting against southern Canaan Partial victory in Jerusalem Judah and Simeon’s Failures They let Adoni-bezek (Lord of Bezek) live They did not drive out the Canaanites in the valley due to their iron chariots (fear?)

Failed Conquests (1:1-36) Benjamin did not defeat the Jebusites in Jerusalem, but lived alongside them Joseph (Ephraim) had victory in Bethel, but made a deal with a Canaanite man who was set free to build another city with the same name (Luz) They also did not drive out the Canaanites of Gezer Manasseh (Joseph) did not drive out many Canaanites, but made them slave laborers

Failed Conquests (1:1-36) Zebulun also forced the Canaanites into slave labor Asher lived with the Canaanites Naphtali forced the Canaanites into slave labor Dan was defeated by the Amorites Joseph forced those Amorites into slave labor

Compromise Consequences (2:1-5)
The rebuke of the Angel of the Lord Who is the Angel of the Lord? “I brought you out of Egypt” “I led you into the Land” “I have sworn to your fathers” Exodus 23:20-33 (read with one finger in the Law) The Israelites have disobeyed Thus He will not drive them out The Canaanites will be a thorn in their side The Canaanite gods will be a snare to them

Generational Failure (2:6-15)
“10 All that generation also were gathered to their fathers; and there arose another generation after them who did not know the Lord, nor yet the work which He had done for Israel.” Deuteronomy 6:4-15 They did not pass it on to their children as commanded

Generational Failure (2:6-15)
The next generation followed the Canaanite gods They had forsaken God God then gave them into the hands of their enemies The Lord was against them for evil wherever they went The curses of Dt. 28 were falling on them

The Cycle of Judges Summary (2:16-3:6)
Sin: The people disobeyed God, married Canaanites, made deals with them, and followed their fake gods Judgement: They were handed over to their enemies Repentance: They cried out to God Judge: God would raise a Judge Peace: They followed God until the death of the Judge Sin: The people disobey God and follow other gods (repeat) Sin, Judgement, Repentance, Judge (Deliverance), Peace, back to sin (repeat)

Judge: Othniel (3:7-11) Othniel was Caleb’s younger brother
Tribe of Judah The Arameans (cousins of the Israelites through Abraham’s brother) dominated them for 8 years God was with Othniel and defeated the Arameans The land had peace until Othniel died 40 years later

ARAM/SYRIA

Judge: Ehud (3:12-30) From the tribe of Benjamin
The Moabites (cousins of Israel by way of Lot’s child Moab) dominated them 18 years Also the Ammonites (cousins by Lot) and Amalekites Ehud was left handed and thus able to hide the sword (Swords were worn on the left side) Josephus states that Eglon (king of Moab) liked Ehud because Ehud had gained his trust over time Context for why he dismissed his guards God was with Ehud to kill Eglon to bring fear on the Moabites and encouragement to Israel that God was with them Ehud judged them for 80 years after that and died

Ammon Moab & Amalek

Judge: Shamgar (3:31) Son of Anath; possibly of Benjamin, Judah, Simeon, or Ephraim The Philistines were beginning to oppress, but he stopped them temporarily Killing 600 of them with an oxgoad Josephus records that he died in the first year He operated during the time or at the end of Ehud, but it did not occupy much time

Philistines

Judges: Deborah and Barak (4-5)
Deborah (prophetess) was likely from Ephraim, and Barak was from Naphtali King Jabin was king of a confederation of Canaanites in the land of Naphtali Deborah told Barak God was going to give him victory Barak was too afraid to go without her, thus glory would be given to a woman in battle Jael (woman) of the Kenites (from Jethro/Midian) killed Sisera with a tent peg through his head

Judges: Deborah and Barak (4-5)
Deborah and Barak sing a song of praise to God and victory (chapter 5) The song encourages those that willingly volunteer to serve the LORD Isn’t that the way it should be? The land had peace for another 40 years Josephus records that they died around the same time at the end of the 40 years

Judge: Gideon (6-8:32) Gideon was of the Tribe of Manasseh
A confederation of Moabites (cousins by Lot), Amalekites, and Arabs (8:24) (half-brothers through the other sons of Abraham) starved them out for 7 years An unnamed prophet reminded them of what God had done and how they had not obeyed The Angel of the LORD appeared to him while he was sneakily threshing wheat in a winepress

Judge: Gideon (6-8:32) The Angel of the LORD
Physically appeared to Gideon Also referred to as “Yahweh” (I AM) in 6:16, 17, 23 Accepted an offering and disappeared Gideon knew that it was the angel of the LORD and thought he would die for seeing Him Seeing God = death Angel of the LORD = God

Gideon’s Walk of Faith I can’t go save Israel I’m the least in a weak tribe Fine give me a sign (offering of the goat and bread) Oh no I’m going to die! Destroyed the altar and Asherah poles at night for fear of the people (received the nickname Jerub-Baal) When the Spirit came upon him he was bold to summon the armies of Manasseh, Asher, Zebulun, & Naphtali (regional?) Requested the 2 signs of the fleece Now he was prepared to trust God to lead an army of 30,000 men into battle

Gideon’s Walk of Faith The army goes from 30,000 men to 300 men so that God gets all the credit Gideon was still afraid so God let him go hear how scared the other army was Now he was ready to lead the army of 300 men into battle 3 groups of 100 men with torches and pitchers The Ephraimites joined the fight afterward

Judge: Gideon (6-8:32) Gideon was tested along the way to victory, but was ultimately victorious They wanted to make him a dynastic king, but refused and said “The LORD will rule over you!” (8:23) Flashforward: I Samuel they reject God as king Yet he did make a golden ephod (priestly garment for the Levites) that became a snare He also had too many wives (Genesis 2:24)

Midian, Amalek, and Arabs

Civil War (8:33-9:57) Context: Jerub-Baal (Gideon) “Baal will Contend”
New Context: Make a covenant with Baal “Baal-Berith” means “Baal of the Covenant” Abimelech (generic name for a king) was one of his sons, and he killed 70 of his brothers and became king at Shechem “Father King” One brother (Jotham) escaped and pronounced a curse on Abimelech and the cities of Shechem and Beth-Millo After 3 years there was civil war against him and the curse came true and Abimelech died

Shechem

Session 1 Judges

15 Minute Break

Session 2 Judges and Ruth

Judges: Tola and Jair (10:1-5)
After the death of Abimelech Tola of Issachar judged after that in peace 23 years Jair of Manasseh judged after Tola in peace for 22 years After them there was a MASSIVE turning away from the LORD to many fake gods Of Canaan, Aram, Sidon, Moab, Ammon, Philistia

Judge: Jephthah (10:6-12:7) God brought the Ammonites and Philistines against them They cried out to God God reminded them of how many times He has delivered them He told them to cry out to their fake gods They put away their fake gods and served the LORD Their obedience = God could no longer bear their misery (10:16) Will that be the case with your obedience?

Judge: Jephthah (10:6-12:7) Jephthah was a bastard son of a man named Gilead and a prostitute – driven from his brothers Of Gad (likely) or Manasseh He was God’s chosen deliverer He sent word to Ammon to try and reason peaceably Ammon replied that they were taking back their land Jephthah gave an awesome history lesson to prove them wrong – it was the Amorite’s land that God gave them (10:15-27)

Jephthah’s Time Marker
In Jephthah’s history lesson he remarks that the Israelites defeated king Sihon 300 years earlier (11:26) King Sihon was defeated shortly before the death of Moses Moses died c B.C. (at the age of 120) King Sihon was defeated c B.C. 1407 B.C. – 300 years = 1107 B.C. Jephthah’s first year of judging

Judge: Jephthah (10:6-12:7) Jephthah was wise but had a theological flaw: he thought the god Chemosh gave the Ammonites their land God gave it to the Ammonites (Dt. 2:19) Jephthah’s vow: if God gives him victory he will sacrifice whatever comes out of his house as a BURNT OFFERING God was already giving them into his hand; why vow? His daughter came out and he offered her 2 months later… Leviticus 5:5-13 talks about how to get out of a thoughtless vow – if only he knew the law as well as history Also God never commanded human sacrifice Take Abraham and Isaac in context as well Theological flaws lead to horrible actions!

Judge: Jephthah (10:6-12:7) Civil war again…Ephraim was mad because they did not get called to the battle (no glory for them) Jephthah defeated them They were on the run and needed to cross the Jordan to return home Accents matter…escaping Ephraimites were tested by pronouncing the word “Shibboleth,” (“a stream”) they would say “Sibboleth” and then get killed Jephthah judged 6 years The Philistines were not defeated though

Ammon Philistines

Judges: Ibzan, Elon, & Abdon (12:8-12:15)
Ibzan of Judah judged in peace from the Ammonites for 7 years Elon of Zebulun judged in peace from the Ammonites for 10 years Abdon of Ephraim judged in peace from the Ammonites for 8 years Note that no one was listed as having taken care of the Philistines Regional peace?

Samson and Timing Recall from Judges 10:7 that the Ammonites and Philistines were defeating them Jephthah only beat the Ammonites, and the Philistines were not defeated yet The Ammonites oppressed them for 18 years (10:8) The Philistines defeated them for 40 years (13:1) It is likely that this includes the 18 years of the Ammonites, so the Philistines will dominate for another 22 years

Samson and Timing Samson judges for 20 years (15:20; 16:31)
Thus there is some overlap with Samson and Jephthah Jephthah was 1107 B.C. and died 6 years later in 1101 B.C. The Philistines had 22 years left so they won’t be defeated until c B.C. Under Samuel in I Samuel

The Angel of the LORD (13) Appeared to Samson’s barren mother
And both parents the second time He told her she would have a son He told her Samson was to be a Nazirite from the womb to his death Thus the prohibition on her drinking alcohol or eating grapes, etc. (see Num. 6:1-21 for the rules) She thought He was just a very awesome looking man of God Manoah (Samson’s father) asked God to send the “man” back to get the instructions

The Angel of the LORD (13) The Angel of the LORD came back
He gave further instructions They offered to feed Him, but He refused their food but called for a burnt offering to the LORD They asked His Name, and he did not give it because the Name was too incomprehensible for them They offered the burnt offering on the rock and the Angel of the LORD performed miraculous signs and then went up into heaven with the offering They then knew that they saw God and Manoah was terrified they would die yet his wife talked him down Who is the Angel of the LORD???

Judge: Samson (13-16) Samson was of the tribe of Dan and a Nazirite from the womb “He shall begin to deliver Israel from the Philistines…” (13:5) He wanted to marry a Philistine woman… Although the Philistines were not mentioned in the marriage prohibitions of Ex. 34:11-16 & Dt. 7:1-3 the principle still applied to them Yet his attraction was of the LORD to begin to fight them His parents agreed, but he killed a lion on the way through the power of the Holy Spirit

Judge: Samson (13-16) The marriage was agreed upon by all parties thus they were engaged They returned later to take her and he saw that bees made honey combs in the carcass He took some and gave some to his parents At the 7 day wedding feast he was throwing he gave the riddle challenge After 4 days they threatened his wife with death in order to get the answer On the 7th day she convinced Samson to tell her the answer He killed Philistines in Ashkelon to pay the Philistines what was due, then Samson left without her The woman’s parents gave her to another man

Judge: Samson (13-16) Later he went back to consummate the marriage and found out they gave her to another man He destroyed all of their grain in the field and storage using 300 foxes and torches The Philistines found out and killed the woman and her father Then Samson killed a bunch of them 3,000 men of Judah handed him over to the Philistines Samson broke the ropes and killed a thousand Philistines with a fresh donkey’s jaw bone God gave him water supernaturally from the hollow

Judge: Samson (13-16) He really had a thing for Philistine women because he lay with a prostitute in Gaza They heard Samson was in town and were going to kill him in the morning Rather he ripped the gate and bars off of the city and put them up a mountain Then he fell in love with Delilah the Philistine They paid her as bait to find the secret of his strength…he took it She used her feminine charms and deceptions to get the secret out of him

Judge: Samson (13-16) His strength was in the LORD, not his hair
He broke his Nazirite vow so the LORD left him They put his eyes out and made him grind at the mill in prison His hair was growing back, and so was his faith The Philistines gave their fake god Dagon the credit and threw a big party Samson brought the house down killing 3,000 This is the last event in the chronology of the book of Judges So this is around c B.C.

Judge: Samson (13-16) Samson’s character was very rough, and his walk of faith was very rocky God used Samson’s weaknesses to begin the deliverance from the Philistines

Philistines

Judges & Ruth Most of these stories take place at the beginning of the time of the Judges These stories are placed here to set up the background of Saul and David Benjamites (Saul’s lineage) Bethlehem (David’s lineage) They also highlight the sinfulness of Israel, and God’s faithfulness despite their sinfulness

Micah and the Danites (17-18)
Micah of Ephraim and his mother had a graven image made to the LORD Prohibited in Exodus 20:3-6 He made a shrine and a Levitical Priestly ephod and anointed one of his sons as a priest Prohibited in Exodus 20:3-6; 28:43 (only for Aaron’s descendants) A Levite that was in Bethlehem left to find a job as a Levitical priest He came to Micah and was hired – Micah consecrated him… The duty of this consecration was for Levites only (Ex. 29)

Some Danites found land in the far north that they wanted On the way they ran into Micah and made a mental note of it In the far north city of Laish they saw Sidonians that were not connected to Sidon

After coming home, 600 Danites went to take the city Along the way they stole Micah’s priest, the idols, and the household gods Then they took over Laish, rebuilt it, renamed it Dan This image plunged them into idolatry for many generations

The Levite and His Secondary Wife (19)
A Levite lived in Ephraim, and married a woman from Bethlehem in Judah She left him and went back to Bethlehem, but he made amends, and the dad was making him stay Several days more than he wanted to then he left later one day Rather than stay the night in Gentile Jebusite land, they stayed in a town of Benjamin: their brothers The men of the town were like those of Sodom They raped her all night long, but really wanted the man instead She died and he cut her up and sent her pieces to the 12 tribes

Civil War Against the Benjamites (20)
All Israel rose up to talk to Benjamin, but they refused to listen They inquired of God, and he told Judah to attack first, and they were defeated Then the Israelites were defeated a second time The third time the Benjamites were horribly defeated – almost wiped out 600 were left Flashforward: the struggle between Saul and David in I Samuel

Wives for the Benjamites (21)
All the Israelites in attendance swore not to give their daughters to marry the Benjamites Yet they were sad because it looked like it was the end of the Benjamites They attacked the people that did not come to fight against Benjamin and killed all but 400 virgins (in Jabesh-Gilead) The town that will later rescue Saul’s dead body Then the rest of the Benjamite men could steal the daughters of Shiloh to marry…

Judges 21:25 “25 In those days there was no king in Israel; everyone did what was right in his own eyes.” These terrible events were in no way to be perceived as righteousness Rather it was incredibly messed up Despite all that, God kept up with His plan God has amazing mercy and grace for His people for generations

Purpose of Ruth Demonstrate the faithfulness of God in the midst of seemingly ordinary people Ruth is in the line of David and Jesus Excellent story of physical and spiritual redemption This also shows the background to king David’s family

Controversy and Background
The usual unsubstantiated claims against authorship and timing Background This takes place in the times of the judges David was 30 when he began to reign as king (c B.C.) Thus he was born c B.C. Ruth is the mother of Obed the father of Jesse the father of David The events take place sometime between Abimelech but before Jephthah in the 1100’s B.C.

Names in Ruth Elimelech means “My God is King”
He was leaving God and going to a pagan country and let his sons marry pagan women He died because God was not his king Naomi means “My Pleasantness” Mara means “Bitterness” “The Lord has made me bitter because of what He has done to me.” Mahlon means “Sickly” Chilion means “Dying”

Names in Ruth Ruth means “Friendship” Orpah means “Beauty of the neck”
Boaz “Swift Strength” 2:1 he is a person of great significance He could be a mighty warrior or perhaps it was of his character strength Boaz’s relative that said no is called “Palony Almony” which means “What’s his name” or “so and so” Obed means “He who serves” He provides the extension of the family line

Ruth Exposition

There and Back Again (1) There was a famine so they went to Moab (cousins) This is in the Cycle of the Judges They had no business leaving the Promised Land to live in a pagan land Elimelech died Naomi married her sons off to pagan women Her sons died Orpah left, but Ruth stayed and bound herself to Naomi and to God and returned to Bethlehem Every move they made was wrong, yet God was with them in the mistakes (remember Samson?) Look at all the variables that God controls

Food for the Poor (2) Boaz is introduced in the story as a relative of Naomi’s husband Elimelech Ruth and Naomi are poor, thus Ruth goes to get food from the fields Lev. 23:22 harvesting law for the poor Boaz saw Ruth and then was told who she was He already had heard her story, and he was very impressed with her excellent character Boaz generously provided for her and wanted her to stay in his field during harvest Naomi was greatly encouraged at the news

Kinsman Redeemer (3) Levirate Marriage rules are in Dt. 25:5-10
The ritual of uncovering his feet was a Levirate Marriage proposal – not sexual promiscuity Traditional proposal and not Scripture Boaz is older (3:10) and overjoyed that she wanted him to redeem her Boaz commented how everyone knows that she is a woman of excellence There is a closer relative that has rights

Redeemed (4) Boaz went to the gate of the city
Elders were assembled there as were others That is where business is done political and otherwise Boaz saw old “what’s his name,” and “so and so” wanted the field, but not the woman Marriage to Ruth would mess up his inheritance so he refused The first child would legally be Mahlon’s child It was dishonorable, but permissible “So and so” passed his sandal to finalize the agreement

Redeemed (4) Then the elders gave their approval, and a great blessing on Boaz and Ruth Ephrathah/Bethlehem (Gen. 35:19, I Chron. 4:4) is the old name for Bethlehem and the name of the father of Bethlehem (of Judah) Where the Messiah will be born (Micah 5:2; Mt. 2:1-6) All are at peace at the end, and new life has come from death The line of David closes out the book

Ruth demonstrates faith
Ruth, a Moabite, exhibits true faith in God during the time of the Judges 1:1 2:2 2:3 3:18 4:1 4:13 4:14 4:22 Key words: empty, famine, food, full, judges, kinsman, redeemer. Key Verse: Ruth 1:16 Ruth professes faith Ruth demonstrates faith Ruth waits in faith Ruth’s faith rewarded Key Structures Ideological: Naomi - Israel in the time of the judges 1:1-2 1:3 2:2 2:3 2:19 2:20 3:18 4:1 4:13 4:14 4:22 Judge (Boaz) Repentance Peace! Deliverance Sin Judgment Ideological: Ruth - Israel’s foreign mission 1:1 1:15 1:16 2:2 2:3 3:18 4:1 4:13 4:14 4:22 Fiancée Royal Family Cursed Convert Foreigner 1:1a 1:1b 1:18 1:19 2:2 2:3 2:17 2:18 3:5 3:6 3:15 3:16-18 4:1 4:12 4:13 4:14 4:22 Geographical Field Outside of Bethlehem Threshing Floor Boaz’s House Bethlehem Town Gate Bethlehem Moab Bethlehem Bethlehem Bethlehem Bethlehem 1:1 2:2 2:3 3:18 4:1 4:13 4:14 4:22 Biographical Naomi Ruth Boaz Naomi

Session 2 Judges and Ruth

15 Minute Break

Session 3 I Samuel

I & II Samuel One book in the Hebrew Bible titled “Samuel”
Two books in the Septuagint titled “I and II Kingdoms” I Kings and II Kings are “III & IV Kingdoms”

Purpose of I & II Samuel The establishment of the monarchy in Israel
People’s choice first Then God’s choice Demonstrate God’s continued faithfulness to His covenant and promises coupled with His mercy Demonstrate the difference between the faithful and the unfaithful Provide historical events alongside the theological background To reveal the Davidic Covenant

Controversial Issues Same as the others: liberal scholars don’t believe in the long established authorship and dating of the book They fail to recognize the multiple authorship in accord with later editorial additions They prefer to say that it was all written after the exile It gives them the “right” to claim that it is all made up

I Samuel Exposition

Miraculous Birth of Samuel (1)
This takes place in the time of the Judges in the 1100’s B.C. Elkanah is a Levite (I Chron 6:33-38) living among Ephraim Typical story: married to 2 women (Gen. 2:24), and one of them is barren Penninah has kids and hates barren Hannah that gets extra food and love from Elkanah

Miraculous Birth of Samuel (1)
They go to worship in Shiloh where the ark is located Hannah prays for a son and promises to dedicate him to the Lord Hannah was urgently praying to God at Shiloh moving her lips – Eli thought she was drunk Do not be a presumptuous leader Samuel means “Heard of God” Shima + el God heard her prayer

Hannah’s Poetry (2:1-10) The indentation of this is to denote Hebrew poetry as opposed to prose “Salvation” is a reference to no longer being childless and mocked The word anointed (2:10) is Messiah and refers to the king Hebrew parallelism in poetry: saying something 2 times in a different way to highlight the importance/magnitude Expectation of a king Gen. 49:10 the scepter will not depart form Judah Rebekah was told kings would proceed from her body Laws about kings (Dt. 17)

The Faithful and Unfaithful (2:11-26)
Elkanah, Hannah, and Samuel were faithful Hannah blessed with 3 sons and 2 daughters Samuel grew in stature and favor with God and men (like Luke 2:52) Eli, Hophni, and Phinehas were unfaithful They are in the seat of Aaron The sins of the sons They are breaking the Law of sacrifices (Ex. 29:7 & Lev. 7:31-32) They are having sex in a manner consistent with Canaanite fertility cults Eli’s response: verbal rebuke only They should have been removed from office and cut off from the people

The Prophet of God (2:27-36) A man of God delivers a message to Eli
Eli’s line of priests would end and be given to another (I Kings 2:27-35) Will happen around 100 years later Eli came from Aaron’s son Ithamar Zadok came from Aaron’s son Eleazar Also a reference to Jesus (Ps. 110) Those from his line would die in their prime Hophni and Phineas would die on the same day

God Call’s Samuel (3) Josephus records that Samuel was 12 when this happened God called Samuel (Shima-el) play on words Heard of God Your servant is listening (Shima) Samuel is a confirmed prophet by telling Eli what he already knew from the other prophet Samuel’s words always hit the mark, everyone knew he was a prophet Note: prophets are rare, not the norm

War with the Philistines (4)
The Israelites were slaves to the Philistines at this time (4:9) Israel was in rebellion Shortly after the death of Samson? Israel was defeated so they thought taking the Ark would help (using it like a mobile idol) The Ark was to sit in the Holy of Holies unless instructed otherwise by God Don’t use what is holy as a charm! The Philistines won killing Eli’s sons and taking the Ark Eli heard about the Ark and fell dead (he knew it was wrong for them to take it, and he let it happen) 98 years old, and judged Israel 40 years Ichabod (Glory has departed)

The Ark and the Philistines (5-7:2)
God is on His own side, so He let the Ark be taken from the unfaithful Israelites Philistines think they won Cultural understanding: My god beat yours, and gods are all stuck in territories… God contended for Himself against the Philistines Plagues and destruction of their idol of Dagon Recall: Fallen temple by Samson Mice ravaged the land, tumors, and death Eerily similar to Black Plague

The Ark and the Philistines (5-7:2)
The advice of the priests and diviners was very good, they had learned the lesson of Egypt The test to see if it was God or coincidence Milk cows that have never been yoked will pull the cart with the Ark and the offering They will be full of milk and separated from their claves!!! God is on His own side: He struck down the Israelites that opened the Ark to look inside They are not allowed to look in it or touch it They called for it to depart from them as well Flashback to Joshua: “Are you for us or them?” “No.” Get on God’s side; not your own side

Deliverance from the Philistines (7)
Samuel is the final judge before the time of the kings He calls them to get rid of their fake gods and God will deliver them from the Philistines The people obeyed The armies gathered, but were afraid Samuel offered a sacrifice and cried out to God God caused a storm to confuse the Philistines, and they were routed Israel was delivered from them for the rest of Samuel’s life Thus their 40 years of domination was at an end (Judges 13:1)

Deliverance from the Philistines (7)
Ekron and Gath were restored to Israel at that time God Himself and Samuel gave them rest that Samson had started

Samuel’s Annual Circuit
Bethel (Jacob’s dream), Gilgal (Joshua’s first camp, 12 stones), Mizpah (Where they vowed not to give wives to Benjamin), Ramah (his home) – this goes on for many years

Israel Demands a King (8)
Samuel’s failed oversight with his sons His sons were dishonest and took bribes (Dt. 16:19) They asked for a king like all the other nations Not the one God promised in Gen 49 Samuel felt like they rejected him, but they really rejected God as their King Flashforward: They reject Jesus as their King They were warned about what such a king would be like, but they wanted one anyway The king will basically rob them of many things and people, and will make them all his servants They wanted to be like all the other nations God wanted them to be set apart from all the other nations

Background of Saul (9-10:16)
Saul is a Benjamite and a dutiful son; searching all over for the lost donkeys Flashback: Civil war with Benjamin in Judges The Philistines are ready for war again (9:16) Seer was the old name for prophet (editorial addition from later for later readers) Such explanations are not always given Saul’s steps were set by God to run into Samuel (who was also prepped by God) Sometimes your lost donkey is lost for a good reason

Background of Saul (9-10:16)
Samuel anointed Saul King Being anointed king does not always mean the ruling begins immediately Flashforward: David is anointed, but made king 20 years later Jesus is anointed and is King in heaven, but will rule on earth in our future Samuel told him in great detail all that would happen – confirming signs for Saul Saul is also among the prophets! Saul is off to a humble and obedient start

King Saul (10:17-12) Samuel assembles the people to Mizpah and warns them again for rejecting God Lots were cast by tribe and clan, and the lot fell to Saul of Benjamin Kings are supposed to come from Judah (Gen. 49:10) Saul is humble Hiding among the baggage Not getting angry about the few naysayers Saul’s stature is not humble as he is a head taller than everyone The people loved the way he looked Flashforward: Man judges the outside, God judges the heart (David)

King Saul (10:17-12) Humble Saul went home and kept working in the fields The Ammonites were trying to pick a fight with Israel and threatened Jabesh-Gilead Flashback: The city of 400 Benjamite mommas Putting out their right eyes means the archers can’t shoot King Saul rallied the troops by threatening them with the death of their oxen He attached his name with Samuel’s in the warning (11:7) Saul’s humility Gives God the credit for the victory Shows mercy to the naysayers again

King Saul (10:17-12) After the battle they assembled at Gilgal to firmly establish Saul as king Samuel calls him the Lord’s Anointed (Messiah) All the kings are called Messiah Samuel recounts the history of the Judges – their wickedness and God’s faithfulness They sinned by rejecting God and asking for a king Samuel called for a storm as proof It does not rain in the wheat harvest, but only early and late in the year A confirming sign that the people are sinners They can have their king, but if they disobey then God will sweep them all away (Saul included)

Rejection of Saul (13-15) Saul was 30 when he became king, and he reigned 42 years (13:1) This was c B.C. Saul’s son Jonathan attacked a Philistine garrison at Geba, and it provoked them mightily Although it is many years later, the Philistines want to take back what was theirs for 40 years The Philistines scary huge army: 30,000 chariots 6,000 horsemen Untold tens of thousands of foot soldiers The Israelites were terrified and hiding in caves

Rejection of Saul (13-15) Samuel told Saul to wait 7 days and he would come and sacrifice to the LORD This will be a much needed morale booster since Samuel is a prophet and God is with him The people were scattering on the 7th day so Saul did the Levitical sacrifice He wanted to keep them from running away Saul’s big problem: Fear of man over God Samuel shows up right after the sacrifice was finished Saul gave excuses and blamed Samuel for not showing up on time??? Flashforward: David confesses his sin and repents immediately to the prophet Nathan

Rejection of Saul (13-17) Samuel rebukes him for breaking the command of the LORD It is the responsibility of the Levites to offer the sacrifices (uh…Leviticus) Samuel tells him his line of kings will end and God has chosen a man after His own heart Saul’s line could have theoretically lasted forever, but not in reality Saul is the king the people wanted, David is the king that God wanted The Philistines divide their army into 3

Rejection of Saul (13-15) Jonathan is a righteous man of God
He and his armor bearer boldly kill 20 men It scared the whole Philistine army and they began to turn on each other and flee Saul advances, but FOOLISHLY curses anyone that would eat before sundown Jonathan did not hear it and ate the honey while everyone else was starving…while in a battle Israel was victorious, but the men were starving and eating the sheep raw with the blood Breaking the Noahic covenant (Gen. 9:4) Breaking the Mosaic covenant (Lev. 3:17, 7:26-27, 17:10-14) They should all be cut off from the people

Rejection of Saul (13-15) Saul was going to kill Jonathan for the curse, but the people complained and Saul relented Saul fears the people (worked well here) Israel won Just because you have success in your life doesn’t mean that God approves of what you are doing Samuel gave word from God that all the Amalekites and their animals were to be completely destroyed Flashback: Amalekites attacked them in Sinai (Ex. 17) Flashback: The ban is based on the level of sin

Rejection of Saul (13-15) Saul disobeys
Spares Agag and others of his line escaped We’ll see the Amelkites again in I & II Samuel Flashforward: In Esther, Haman the Agagite seeks to destroy all the Jews Spares all the best stuff and destroys the garbage God informed Samuel, and he prayed all night Samuel really loves Saul; it is so painful for him to see this happen Saul makes a monument to himself at Carmel

Rejection of Saul (13-15) Saul decides what obedience is
He claims to Samuel that he did as commanded Samuel rebukes him for all the livestock Saul says they are for sacrifice As if God wants animals that have been involved in bestiality offered to Him This is when Saul grabs Samuel’s robe and it tears as the kingdom is torn from Saul

I Sam 15:22-24 22 Samuel said, “Has the Lord as much delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as in obeying the voice of the Lord? Behold, to obey is better than sacrifice, and to heed than the fat of rams. For rebellion is as the sin of divination and insubordination is as iniquity and idolatry. Because you have rejected the word of the Lord, He has also rejected you from being king.” 24 Then Saul said to Samuel, “I have sinned; I have indeed transgressed the command of the Lord and your words, because I feared the people and listened to their voice.

I Samuel 15:30-31 30 Then he said, “I have sinned; but please honor me now before the elders of my people and before Israel, and go back with me, that I may worship the Lord your God.” 31 So Samuel went back following Saul, and Saul worshiped the Lord. Then Samuel cut up Agag Agag thought he was going to be ok

David Anointed King (16) Samuel is still grieving over Saul, and God sets him straight Move on when God has moved on God sends him to Bethlehem (Judah’s territory) to anoint a king from Jesse’s sons The finest looking one is not king Man judges with the eyes, but God judges the heart Flashback: Saul looked like a king David, the youngest, was caring for the sheep, and he was anointed king Josephus records that David was 10 at this time The Holy Spirit departs from God, and God sends (or allows) an evil spirit to torment Saul David plays the harp for him to calm him

David and Goliath (17) David kept going back and forth between his father’s sheep and Saul for many years The war with the Philistines is still ongoing Battle lines on the hills with the valley of Elah in the middle Goliath’s bargain and taunts Saul’s offer: Riches, daughter for a wife, exempt the father from taxes David’s shows up with food for his brothers, but he is ready for action The battle was really quick

David and Goliath (17) 17:55-58 are not in the LXX
Possibly these verses should not be there We do not have these verses in the DSS Because we don’t have this section If they are legit, then Saul does not recall David’s father’s name He needs to be informed for the marriage and the tax exemption Saul knows David, but not Jesse

Saul Hates David (18-20) David became a permanent resident with Saul
Jonathan and David both trust God in battle David is a man after Jonathan’s heart They are best friends Context: comrades in arms are close brothers “Saul has slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands” Saul’s paranoia: the people are turning to David and not him Flashback: Saul fears the people In a fit of rage he tries to pin David to the wall with a spear, but David escapes Saul sends him away to be a general

Saul Hates David (18-20) Saul offers the first daughter, but David humbly refuses The second daughter (Michal) was used as a snare: 100 Philistine foreskins as a dowry David brought 200 He married Michal Watch out: She really is in to being a princess and the pomp of court life and ritual David’s reputation continues as a great warrior against the Philistines What should Saul do?

Saul Hates David (18-20) Saul plots to kill him, but Jonathan convinced him not to Saul tried to kill him again, then Michal delivered David and he escaped to Samuel Saul hears of it and sends men to get him, but the Spirit of God fell on them; they prophesied This happened again so Saul went and the Spirit fell on him and he prophesied He lay naked facedown totally stripped and defeated What should Saul do?

Saul Hates David (18-20) Saul’s hatred still persists and he seeks to kill David Jonathan chooses King David over Saul He makes a covenant so that David will show kindness to the house of Jonathan David hides and awaits word from Jonathan Saul is aware of Jonathan’s choice and tries to kill his own son and heir to the throne! Saul and Jonathan know that David will be king with contrasting responses: Jonathan is right Jonathan warns David, and David goes on the run

Saul Hunts David (21-24) David flees to Nob and legally eats consecrated bread and gets Goliath’s sword He and the men with him have not had sex David lied and told the priest he was on a secret mission He got Goliath’s sword The Edomite (of Esau) chief shepherd of Saul saw David there David knew he saw him, but let it be David flees to Gath where he acts insane once he sees that they will not take him in David flees to a cave and 400 men with nothing to lose gather to him David sent his parents to live in Moab for protection

Saul Hunts David (21-24) Saul yells at his men for intel on David and Doeg rats him out David let him live Saul summons Ahimelech the priest of Nob to question him He accuses him of sedition and orders the death of all the priests of Nob! No one will kill the priests except Doeg Saul had the city of Nob killed in the fashion that the Amalekites were to be killed! Abiathar the son of Ahimelech escaped and came to David

Saul Hunts David (21-24) David heard Philistines were attacking the city of Keilah David inquired of the LORD and defeated them Saul heard and goes to kill David in the city David inquires of the LORD and flees with 600 men into the wilderness with Saul in pursuit Jonathan meets David and affirms that David will be king Saul chases David all over the wilderness, but gives up to pursue the Philistines

Saul Hunts David (21-24) Saul goes back to chasing David with 3,000 men Saul went into the very cave where they were hiding to use the bathroom The men told David God had delivered Saul into his hand David would not kill God’s anointed, but cut a piece off of Saul’s robe Then David revealed himself with the piece of robe, and reasoned with Saul in front of everyone Saul agreed with David and went back home This was almost the right response…resign and live

David’s Wives (25) Samuel dies and David wanders the land
They watch the herds of a man named Nabal “Fool” and protect them day and night David sends men to get payment, but Nabal curses them David prepares to kill him when his lovely wife Abagail appears with provisions David relents because of her Nabal dies and David marries Abigail the widow David also marries Ahinoam Dt. 17:17 Warning against kings multiplying wives Flashforward: David is going to have issues over all this

Saul Hunts David Again (26)
Saul came to kill David again with his 3,000 men David spies out where Saul’s camp is and takes 2 men under cover of night Saul was delivered into his hand again David refused to kill the LORD’s anointed, but let the LORD kill Saul at the proper time They steal his jug and spear; David reasons with him again and Saul relents again

David Flees to Philistia (27-28:2)
David is tired from running from Saul so he goes back to King Achish of Gath Achish knows David is running from Saul, and thinks David is a deserter and enemy of Saul (29:3) David lives with the Philistines yet continues to attack the enemies of God Even the Amalekites that were supposed to be wiped out David lies and says he is attacking Israel… Achish calls David to join them in war against Israel He has been totally snowed by David…

The Death of Saul Foretold (28:3-25)
The Philistines were going to attack soon Saul was afraid of them Saul inquired of the LORD, but the LORD refused to answer him in the proper ways Saul sought a medium, the witch of En-dor to contact Samuel Samuel appeared as a divine being to her, an old man wrapped in a robe Yes it was really Samuel – God allowed this to happen

The Death of Saul Foretold (28:3-25)
Samuel’s message: Everything has happened as I said it would – why are you surprised? You are punished for disobedience, and David will be king The Israelites will loose tomorrow You and your sons will be with me tomorrow In Paradise. Is not Saul among the Prophets?

Philistines Reject David (29)
The Philistines were preparing for war with Israel Achish brought David among all the troops of the Philistines The Philistines rejected David as they knew the old song about David’s ten thousands… This chapter shows the political structure of Philistia: A confederation of 5 kings (cities) David and his men returned to Philistia

David’s Rescue of Ziklag (30)
David and men go to Ziklag where their wives and children stayed Ziklag has been destroyed by Amalekites Flashback: Saul killed them all right? Many inhabitants were taken alive by the Amalekites including David’s wives The survivors blame David and want to stone him David inquires of the LORD, and the LORD gives the Amalekites into his hand The Amalekites were drunk and spread out

David’s Rescue of Ziklag (30)
200 were too tired to join the battle David made sure they got their share of the spoil Later addition: “It is an ordinance for Israel to this day” (30:25) David’s attitude: GOD gave the victory David also sent some of the spoil to the elders of Judah and various places they frequented These actions endear David to them

Death of Saul (31) Israel fled before the Philistines
Saul was injured by an arrow on Mt. Gilboa His sons were dead (including Jonathan) Saul was going to be overrun and told his armorbearer to kill him before he was taken He refused Saul fell on his own sword and died His armor bearer did likewise

Death of Saul (31) Israel fled before the Philistines
Saul was injured by an arrow on Mt. Gilboa His sons were dead (including Jonathan) Flashback: 23:17 Thus he (Jonathan) said to him (David), “Do not be afraid, because the hand of Saul my father will not find you, and you will be king over Israel, and I will be next to you…” Be careful of the company you keep

Death of Saul (31) Saul was going to be overrun and
Saul told his armorbearer to kill him before he was taken, but he refused Saul fell on his own sword and died His armor bearer did likewise once he saw that Saul was dead The Philistines took his body and cut off his head and hung his body on the wall at Beth-Shan The men of Jabesh-Gilead came and got the body and his sons from the wall and buried the remains in Jabesh Flashback: The first people that Saul rescued (I Sam 11)

Session 3 I Samuel

Lunch Break

Session 4 II Samuel

Quick Note Recall that in the Hebrew Bible there is no break between I & II Samuel, so there is really no break Think of II Samuel ch. 1 as I Samuel ch. 32 The authorship is the same Nathan and Gad and the prophetic community

David Learns of Saul’s Death (1)
David had defeated the Amalekites a few days earlier Now an Amalekite has come to him from Mt. Gilboa The Amalekite saw the suicide and likely took the crown and bracelet to get a reward Everyone knows about David and Saul David is going to be king now The man’s lie got him killed

David’s song was recorded in the Book of Jasher (Book of the Upright) as well as Joshua 10:13 This was an historical book that may or may not be lost The “copies” first appeared in 1613 in Hebrew, and another in 1750 that is fake, and a Mormon one from the 1840’s (English translation of the 1613) I have looked into this for years, and can’t vouch for what we have, but I want to get to the bottom of it This statement gives a clue to the idea of the nature of these Bible books as compilations

David’s song of lament is beautiful and demonstrates his heart Love for Saul (despite his hatred of David) Deep love for his fallen comrade Jonathan War makes a powerful bond between brothers; even closer than a marriage The LORD makes a powerful bond between brothers “Oh how the mighty have fallen”

Civil War (2-4) Have you noticed how often David inquires of the LORD?
He asks God if he should go up to Judah, and God sends him to Hebron David is anointed king at Hebron – king over Judah only How long ago was he anointed? About 20 years ago… David thanks Jabesh-Gilead for their valiance, and informs them that he is king in Judah Implying that he can be their king too

Civil War (2-4) Abner was Saul’s highest general, and he rejected David as king He intended to make Saul’s son Ish-Bosheth (man of shame) king over Israel Joab was one of David’s highest general They met together and had a contest that turned into a battle The house of Benjamin vs. David’s men Abner killed Joab’s brother Asahel He was trying not to do so for the sake of Joab Flashforward: yeah…Abner was on to something

Civil War (2-4) The war went on a long time
David will rule from Hebron for 7 years (II Sam 5) Chapter 3 lists even more wives for David while at Hebron (7 total) Ahinoam, Abigail, Maacah, Haggith, Abital, Eglah, Michal the daughter of Saul is still out there too Flashback: Dt. 17 too many wives Abner betrays Ish-Bosheth and sends David his wife Michal to make amends Saul had married her off to some other poor guy

Civil War (2-4) Abner came to David while Joab and his brother Abishai were out David and Abner were on great terms and Abner was going to help make David king over all Israel Joab and Abishai got Abner to return, and they killed him Flashback: Abner killed Asahel (Joab and Abishai’s bro) David cursed them for doing so and took up a lament for Abner All Israel heard of it and did not hold David responsible, but were well pleased with him Flashback and forward: This is his M.O. – he takes no pleasure in these deaths

Civil War (2-4) After the death of Abner, Ish-Bosheth was worried
2 Benjamites killed him and brought his head to David as a gift of good news David’s reply: “As the Lord lives, who has redeemed my life from all distress, when one told me, saying, ‘Behold, Saul is dead,’ and thought he was bringing good news, I seized him and killed him… David had them killed and buried the head of Ish-Bosheth with Abner Flashback: he referenced the Amalekite that brought him “happy” news that Saul died

King David over Israel (5)
The war was over and all Israel came to make David king over all Israel (not just over Judah) David then went up and defeated the Jebusites in Jerusalem He named it the City of David (not Bethlehem) King Hiram of Tyre sent workers with cedars from Lebanon to build him a palace Then David knew he was firmly established as king over all Israel

King David over Israel (5)
David took even more wives and secondary wives (concubines) in Jerusalem… This is against the rules of the king in Dt. 17 When the Philistines heard he was king they came to make war David inquired of the LORD, and He gave them the victory The Philistines came back Flashback: Joshua did not inquire of the LORD with the Gibbeonites

The Ark Comes to Jerusalem (6)
David wanted the Ark brought to Jerusalem The first attempt a man died for touching the Ark After 3 months he tried again with an awesome celebration The Levites bore the Ark and after 6 steps he offered a sacrifice As God’s chosen and anointed he was able to do that here, this also foreshadows Christ the Priest King David wore a linen ephod like a priest would wear He was dancing before the LORD with all his might

The Ark Comes to Jerusalem (6)
The heart of Queen Michal is revealed here Saul would never have taken off his kingly garb to wear the clothes of a priest Saul would never have danced and acted like a “fool” He uncovered his kingly dignity before all the people like a foolish naked man (simile) David was never naked, those that say he danced naked before the LORD are lying or ignorant Saul was afraid of men, David fears the LORD

The Davidic Covenant (7)
The land was finally at rest from all their enemies! David saw an inequality since he had a palace of cedar and yet the Ark was in a tent He told the prophet Nathan, and Nathan spoke too soon and told him to proceed Nathan had not inquired of the LORD That night God revealed the true path to Nathan God speaks to prophets that mediate the communication to mankind Nathan told David all that God said

God has not commanded a Temple to be built yet, but it was in David’s heart to do so Dt. 12 discusses the circumstances for it to be built Once they defeat the enemies and destroy their altars and religious sites and have peace… Then they shall seek God for the place that He wants to put His Name Then the Temple will be built, and it will be the only place for sacrificing in all Israel Not the cultic places that the Canaanites did it

God chose Jerusalem, but David will not build it; Solomon will build it David wants to build a house for God, but God is going to build a house for David David’s house, kingdom, and throne will be established forever This is accomplished in Jesus Christ This will be your in-class assignment

David’s Kingdom & Vassals (8 & 10)
It was also at this time that the curse of Eli came to pass and Zadok became the High Priest of David

Kindness to Mephibosheth (9)
David sought for descendants of Saul to show kindness to Mephibosheth (Dispeller of Shame) was the son of Jonathan Flashback: He was made crippled in his feet at age 5 as they fled from the Philistines (II Sam. 4:4) Saul’s land was restored to him, and he ate at David’s table He lives up to his name

Sin with Bathsheba (11-12) War was on in Ammon, but David was safe in his palace He should have been with his men! David was already in bed, but he rose to go and look out He saw Bathsheba, the wife of Uriah the Hittite bathing He had her brought to himself and lay with her She became pregnant

Sin with Bathsheba (11-12) Uriah was brought home and David told him to go home; he never did As an honorable soldier in the midst of battle David wanted it to look like it was Uriah’s baby Uriah refused, and David had him killed in battle What David did was evil in the eyes of the LORD Adultery and Murder (Ex. 20:13-14)

Sin with Bathsheba (11-12) Nathan the prophet shows up with a parable
David takes it literally and wants the rich man killed Nathan said, “YOU ARE THAT MAN!” David was cursed The sword won’t depart from his house One from his own house will take his wives in daylight for all to see The child will die David’s reply: “I have sinned against the LORD” God took his sin away Flashback: Saul blamed the people and Samuel

Sin with Bathsheba (11-12) The child was born, but became sick
David fasted and prayed for days His servants thought if the child were to die that David would kill himself The child died, and David arose and ate to the great relief of his servants “I will go to him, but he will not return to me.” II Sam 12:23b To Paradise Dead babies and young children go to heaven?

Sin with Bathsheba (11-12) Observe how repentant David’s heart is when caught in sin: repentance and not excuses David and Bathsheba had another son named Solomon “Peace” The LORD gave Solomon the name Jedidiah “Beloved of the LORD” You can be restored after a great sin! Israel also won the war with Ammon

The Curse on David (13-18) David’s son Amnon fell in love with his half sister Tamar and raped her Then Amnon hated Tamar?!?!?!? David did nothing (passive parent) Flashback: Eli and Samuel… Tamar’s brother Absalom waited 2 years to take revenge Absalom tricked Amnon and had him killed in front of all his brothers and sisters After 3 years in hiding David longed for Absalom

The Curse on David (13-18) Joab devised a scheme to get Absalom back for the king, and Absalom came back Joab is always trying to please David After 2 years in Jerusalem he had not seen his dad, but Joab made it so they were reunited Absalom fell before the king, and David kissed him Absalom was secretly plotting to take the kingdom, so he won the people over Absalom broods on revenge – it is his undoing “Bitterness is a poison you swallow hoping the other guy will die” – Skip Gray (and others) David fled the city and ordered for the Ark to stay there – he would wait on God

The Curse on David (13-18) David left some people in Jerusalem that were still faithful to him as informants Shimei, from Saul’s family, came out and cursed David as he left David did not order him killed, but took the cursing and was waiting on God Absalom entered the city as the new king, and had sex with David’s wives on the roof of the palace for all to see Flashback: God told him this would happen

The Curse on David (13-18) David’s spy network informed him of Absalom’s moves so he was kept safe Absalom was assembling a great army to go after David (at David’s informant’s advice) David received much help and support and sent his generals out to get Absalom Not to kill him, but just capture Absalom got stuck in an oak tree with low hanging branches Joab killed Absalom, and they cast him into a pit and covered it in a heap of stones

The Curse on David (13-18) With Absalom dead, the Israelites departed
News was brought to David about the death of Absalom As per usual, he did not like the news of the death, and retreated to a chamber and wept It was over the city gate for all to hear his lament “Oh Absalom!”

David’s Restoration as King (19-20)
Joab found David weeping and threatened to rebel if he did not stop and go to his men The great victory was turned to morning and the warriors were shamed Joab had a breaking point David did so Israel was confused about the situation with the king and argued about reinstating David David made Amasa the head general in Joab’s place since he killed Absalom Flashback: Joab killed Abner too…

Judah agreed to bring David back as king People from Judah and Benjamin assembled to make him king Shimei of Saul (that cursed David) begged for forgiveness, and David forgave him Flashforward: Yeah…David is not done with him The other 10 tribes felt slighted by Judah and Benjamin for their closeness to David Judah was harsh with them

Then a man named Sheba called for a rebellion: “We have no portion in David, Nor do we have inheritance in the son of Jesse; Every man to his tents, O Israel!” Flashforward: yeah…this is going to be said again David returned to Jerusalem and sent his men out to get Sheba

Amasa was leading the armies Joab killed him and took his old job back Flashback: this is what he does! Joab led the armies and attacked the city of Abel where Sheba was at The citizens cut off his head and threw it to Joab Thus David was reinstated as king over all Israel

Gibbeonites and Giants (21)
These are not chronological events, but like an appendix A famine hit the land for 3 years David inquired of the LORD and found that it was for Saul’s massacre of Gibbeonites David made it right with them and the LORD Also the death of other giants in Goliath’s family is retold

Psalms of David (22-23) The first psalm is of David when the LORD delivered him from his enemies and Saul He gives God the full credit for the deliverance He praises God for His deliverance God is the fortress The last words of David psalm David was a prophet as well as king God praises those that rule righteously in the fear of God God has established an everlasting covenant with David All the worthless will be thrown out like thorns Also a list of David’s mighty men and their mighty deeds

The Census and the Plague (24)
David sinned and called for a national census of all the fighting men This is a contrast to his psalm in chapter 22 Joab opposed David, but was forced to do it At the end of the census David knew he sinned and repented God gave him a choice for a punishment 7 years famine, 3 months running from enemies, or 3 days of plague

The Census and the Plague (24)
David chose to all into God’s hands and went with the plague 70,000 died in the plague David saw where the angel stopped killing the people and bought the spot from the owner He refused to get it for free because he wanted to pay for his offering to the LORD Great principle: “I will not offer burnt offerings to the Lord my God which cost me nothing.”

Conclusion Don’t forget that the violence was God’s continued judgment on the wicked Saul should have abdicated the first time he heard that his kingdom was over Fear of man leads to disobedience of God David inquired of the LORD all the time – let us all go and do likewise David has already exhibited flaws: women and lying Nothing will stop God’s plan – everything works out for His will God is faithful to His promises and curses

Session 4 II Samuel

15 Minute Break

Session 5 Davidic Covenant in-Class Assignment

The Davidic Covenant Work alone or in groups
Read through the Davidic Covenant in II Samuel 7, and especially 7:16-19 Read the cross references Genesis 3:15, 12:3, 17:19, 28:13, 49:10 Psalm 2 & 110 Zechariah 12:1-10 Daniel 7:13-14 Mt. 1:1-16, 26:63-66 Revelation 11:15 Write out how these cross references relate to the Davidic Covenant, and we will discuss

Session 5 Davidic Covenant in-Class Assignment

One Month Break

OT102 Old Testament 2 (Joshua – Song of Songs)

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OT102 Old Testament 2 (Joshua – Song of Songs)

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