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Key medical root: “Myo”

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Presentation on theme: "Key medical root: “Myo”"— Presentation transcript:

1 Key medical root: “Myo”
Muscular System Key medical root: “Myo”

2 Muscles Purpose We have approx 600 muscles
Provide movement of body by “lifting” the bones Nerves control muscles Protect human body

3 Basic Terminology Origin Insertion Antagonists
Bone where the muscle begins It is stationary (doesn’t move) Insertion Bone where muscle ends Origin and insertion never on same bone Antagonists A pair of muscles that move a joint One muscle flexes a joint; another muscle extends it

4 Types of Muscle 1) Skeletal 2) Cardiac 3) Smooth
Muscles on bone that allow us to move 2) Cardiac Muscle in heart that allows pumping 3) Smooth Found on walls of blood vessels and intestines to allow them to dilate and/or contract

5 Attachment to Bone Tendons- Rubber-band tissue that connects bone to muscle Both tendons and ligaments are white Both are avascular

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7 Biceps vs Triceps (Antagonist Group #1)
Bicep Brachii Flexes the elbow jt Tricep Brachii Extends the elbow jt

8 Forearm Pronator Teres Supinator Muscle
Allows us to pronate the arm (palm facing ground) Supinator Muscle Allows us to supinate (palm facing up) Most muscles that move your fingers are in your forearm. Tendons connect them to your metacarpals and phalanges Flexor Tendons- flex the phalanges Located on Anterior Forearm Extensor Tendons- extend the phalanges Located on Posterior Forearm

9 Lifting the Arm from the Shoulder Abduction/Adduction
Lifting the arm (at the shoulder joint) requires the use of three major muscles The 3 Prime Movers of the Arm are: 1. Deltoids Located over superior shoulder Common site of injections/shots Abduct arm 2. Pectoralis Major Your “pecs”- Large chest/breast muscles Adduct Arm 3. Latissimus Dorsi Your “lats” Large muscle on your MIDDLE BACK!

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11 Throwing Motion Rotator Cuff Muscles
To throw something, you use your 4 Rotator Cuff muscles They are all located on the posterior Scapula 1. Supraspinatus 2. Infraspinatus 3. Teres Minor 4. Teres Major

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13 Muscles of Head and Trunk

14 Head Buccinator Orbicularis Oralis Orbicularis Oculi Masseter
Allows use to smile/kiss/whistle Orbicularis Oculi Allows us to blink Masseter Allows us to chew Wraps around mandible

15 Quizzito 1. Bicep Brachii 2. Extensor Tendons 3. Origin
4. Tricep Brachii 5. Deltoid 6. Flexor Tendons 7. Insertion 8. Ligaments 9. Tendons 10. Radius A. Curls phalanges B. Abducts your shoulder joint C. Connects bone to bone D. Flexes the elbow joint E. Beginning of a muscle F. Straighten phalanges G. End of a muscle H. Extends the elbow joint I. Connects bone to muscle J. Insertion of bicep brachii

16 Antagonist #2 (Head Movement)
Sternocleidomastoid (2) Allows us to flex the head Also allows us to rotate the head

17 Antagonist #2 Head Extension
The antagonist to the sternocleidomastoid is the Trapezius (“The Traps”) Upper back muscle Allows us to extend the head

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19 Movement of Trunk 2 muscle groups flex and extend the trunk of the body 1. Rectus Abdominus “the abs” Stretch from sternum to Pubic Symphisis Abs flexes the trunk Hernia- Rupture of ab muscle Common site: 1. Inguinal (Groin) and 2. Umbilical (Belly Button) Obliques Responsible for lateral flexion of trunk 2. Erector Spinae Extend the trunk, THE ANTAGONIST TO THE ABS. Crucial for proper posture Serves as antagonist to abdominal muscle

20 Lower Extremity Muscles

21 Hip Joint 1. Hip Flexor (aka Iliopsoas muscle) Gluteus Maximus
Made of 2 muscles On anterior aspect of body Flexes the hip joint (i.e. lifts the entire leg) Gluteus Maximus Antagonist to Hip Flexor Extends the hip joint (brings leg back down) Located on the “booty” 2nd most common IM injection site

22 Knee Joint 2 main muscle groups move the knee 1. The Hamstrings
Located on posterior aspect of thigh Flexes the knee! Made up of 3 muscles Bicep Femoris Semimembranous Semitendinous

23 Med Terms Kinesiology- Bradykinesia- Hyperkinesia- Dyskinesia-
Tenalgia- Tendonitis Myalgia Myoclonus Myocardium Myometrium

24 Knee Joint (cont) 2. Quadriceps Located on anterior aspect of thigh
Antagonist to Hamstrings Located on anterior aspect of thigh Extends the knee! Made of 4 muscles Rectus Femoris Lateral Vastus Medial Vastus Middle Vastus

25 Groin muscles These muscles abduct/adduct the leg. Sartorius
Longest muscle in the body!! “Leg Crossing” Muscle Responsible for ABDUCTION of leg (moving leg out) Adductor Muscle Group Antagonist to Sartorius Responsible for ADDUCTION (moving leg in)

26 Foot Movement Muscles that cover the tibia and fibula
1. Anterior Tibialis On anterior side of tibia Allows us to dorsiflex (point toes up) 2. Gastrocnemius Allows us to plantar flex (point toes away) Origin: Femur Insertion: Calcaneus (Heel) via the Achilles tendon

27 Muscle Injuries Muscle Tears A section of muscle rips
Same as a “Strain”

28 Muscle Injuries (Con’t)
Avulsion Fractures Tendon injury Piece of a tendon rips off the bone due to trauma Commonly seen in fingers due to jamming injuries

29 Knee Joint Quadriceps muscle forms the Quadriceps Tendon
It extends over the patella turns into the patellar tendon Patellar Tendon inserts at the Tibial tuberosity

30 Vocabulary To don (v) – to put something on
To doff (v)- to take something of To besmirch (v)- to stain someone’s reputation To prevaricate (v)- to stray or evade from the truth; to lie To befuddle (v) befuddled (adj)- to confuse Enigma (n)- something/something that is puzzling, riddle-like, or mysterious To propagate (v)- to spread or multiply Prerogative (n) – a special right or privilege given to a person/organization To augment (v) – to make larger in size; to grow


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