1. Key medical root: “Myo”
Muscular System
Key medical root: “Myo”

2. Muscles Purpose We have approx 600 muscles
Provide movement of body by “lifting” the bones
Nerves control muscles
Protect human body

3. Basic Terminology Origin Insertion Antagonists
Bone where the muscle begins
It is stationary (doesn’t move)
Insertion
Bone where muscle ends
Origin and insertion never on same bone
Antagonists
A pair of muscles that move a joint
One muscle flexes a joint; another muscle extends it

4. Types of Muscle 1) Skeletal 2) Cardiac 3) Smooth
Muscles on bone that allow us to move
2) Cardiac
Muscle in heart that allows pumping
3) Smooth
Found on walls of blood vessels and intestines to allow them to dilate and/or contract

5. Attachment to Bone
Tendons- Rubber-band tissue that connects bone to muscle
Both tendons and ligaments are white
Both are avascular

7. Biceps vs Triceps (Antagonist Group #1)
Bicep Brachii
Flexes the elbow jt
Tricep Brachii
Extends the elbow jt

8. Forearm Pronator Teres Supinator Muscle
Allows us to pronate the arm (palm facing ground)
Supinator Muscle
Allows us to supinate (palm facing up)
Most muscles that move your fingers are in your forearm.
Tendons connect them to your metacarpals and phalanges
Flexor Tendons- flex the phalanges
Located on Anterior Forearm
Extensor Tendons- extend the phalanges
Located on Posterior Forearm

9. Lifting the Arm from the Shoulder Abduction/Adduction
Lifting the arm (at the shoulder joint) requires the use of three major muscles
The 3 Prime Movers of the Arm are:
1. Deltoids
Located over superior shoulder
Common site of injections/shots
Abduct arm
2. Pectoralis Major
Your “pecs”-
Large chest/breast muscles
Adduct Arm
3. Latissimus Dorsi
Your “lats”
Large muscle on your MIDDLE BACK!

11. Throwing Motion Rotator Cuff Muscles
To throw something, you use your 4 Rotator Cuff muscles
They are all located on the posterior Scapula
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres Minor
4. Teres Major

13. Muscles of Head and Trunk

14. Head Buccinator Orbicularis Oralis Orbicularis Oculi Masseter
Allows use to smile/kiss/whistle
Orbicularis Oculi
Allows us to blink
Masseter
Allows us to chew
Wraps around mandible

15. Quizzito 1. Bicep Brachii 2. Extensor Tendons 3. Origin
4. Tricep Brachii
5. Deltoid
6. Flexor Tendons
7. Insertion
8. Ligaments
9. Tendons
10. Radius
A. Curls phalanges
B. Abducts your shoulder joint
C. Connects bone to bone
D. Flexes the elbow joint
E. Beginning of a muscle
F. Straighten phalanges
G. End of a muscle
H. Extends the elbow joint
I. Connects bone to muscle
J. Insertion of bicep brachii

16. Antagonist #2 (Head Movement)
Sternocleidomastoid (2)
Allows us to flex the head
Also allows us to rotate the head

17. Antagonist #2 Head Extension
The antagonist to the sternocleidomastoid is the Trapezius (“The Traps”)
Upper back muscle
Allows us to extend the head

19. Movement of Trunk
2 muscle groups flex and extend the trunk of the body
1. Rectus Abdominus “the abs”
Stretch from sternum to Pubic Symphisis
Abs flexes the trunk
Hernia- Rupture of ab muscle
Common site: 1. Inguinal (Groin) and 2. Umbilical (Belly Button)
Obliques
Responsible for lateral flexion of trunk
2. Erector Spinae
Extend the trunk, THE ANTAGONIST TO THE ABS.
Crucial for proper posture
Serves as antagonist to abdominal muscle

20. Lower Extremity Muscles

21. Hip Joint 1. Hip Flexor (aka Iliopsoas muscle) Gluteus Maximus
Made of 2 muscles
On anterior aspect of body
Flexes the hip joint (i.e. lifts the entire leg)
Gluteus Maximus
Antagonist to Hip Flexor
Extends the hip joint (brings leg back down)
Located on the “booty”
2nd most common IM injection site

22. Knee Joint 2 main muscle groups move the knee 1. The Hamstrings
Located on posterior aspect of thigh
Flexes the knee!
Made up of 3 muscles
Bicep Femoris
Semimembranous
Semitendinous

23. Med Terms Kinesiology- Bradykinesia- Hyperkinesia- Dyskinesia-
Tenalgia-
Tendonitis
Myalgia
Myoclonus
Myocardium
Myometrium

24. Knee Joint (cont) 2. Quadriceps Located on anterior aspect of thigh
Antagonist to Hamstrings
Located on anterior aspect of thigh
Extends the knee!
Made of 4 muscles
Rectus Femoris
Lateral Vastus
Medial Vastus
Middle Vastus

25. Groin muscles These muscles abduct/adduct the leg. Sartorius
Longest muscle in the body!!
“Leg Crossing” Muscle
Responsible for ABDUCTION of leg (moving leg out)
Adductor Muscle Group
Antagonist to Sartorius
Responsible for ADDUCTION (moving leg in)

26. Foot Movement Muscles that cover the tibia and fibula
1. Anterior Tibialis
On anterior side of tibia
Allows us to dorsiflex (point toes up)
2. Gastrocnemius
Allows us to plantar flex (point toes away)
Origin: Femur
Insertion: Calcaneus (Heel) via the Achilles tendon

27. Muscle Injuries Muscle Tears A section of muscle rips
Same as a “Strain”

28. Muscle Injuries (Con’t)
Avulsion Fractures
Tendon injury
Piece of a tendon rips off the bone due to trauma
Commonly seen in fingers due to jamming injuries

29. Knee Joint Quadriceps muscle forms the Quadriceps Tendon
It extends over the patella turns into the patellar tendon
Patellar Tendon inserts at the Tibial tuberosity

30. Vocabulary To don (v) – to put something on
To doff (v)- to take something of
To besmirch (v)- to stain someone’s reputation
To prevaricate (v)- to stray or evade from the truth; to lie
To befuddle (v) befuddled (adj)- to confuse
Enigma (n)- something/something that is puzzling, riddle-like, or mysterious
To propagate (v)- to spread or multiply
Prerogative (n) – a special right or privilege given to a person/organization
To augment (v) – to make larger in size; to grow