1. Bell Ringer QUESTION #163 QUESTION #164 QUESTION #165 QUESTION #166
Answer the following questions in the EOC Practice Packet in the back of your INB:
QUESTION #163
QUESTION #164
QUESTION #165
QUESTION #166
QUESTION #167
QUESTION #168
QUESTION #169
QUESTION #170
QUESTION #171

2. Question 163
Which earlier protest was most similar to the one described above? a. The gathering of disillusioned youth at Woodstock. b. The burning of draft cards by opponents of the Vietnam War c. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom d. The labor demonstrations during the Pullman strike
American Indian leaders and activists organize a nonviolent protest to bring attention to issues affecting American Indians. More than 600 people travel in the “Trail of Broken Treaties” in a caravan of buses, cars, trucks, and campers to Saint Paul, Minnesota. --“1972: Trail of Broken Treaties,” U.S. National Library of Medicine, Native Voices, (accessed April 7, 2014)

3. Question 164
Which law helped women athletes obtain greater support in American high schools and universities? a. Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. Title IX of the Educational Amendments Act c. Twenty-sixth Amendment d. Voting Rights Act of 1965

4. Question 165
These murals were painted during the 1970s in California. The artistic movement demonstrates the contributions of which culture to U.S. art? a. Hispanic American b. Chinese American c. Irish American d. African American

5. Question 166
What contribution did Betty Friedan make to the movement for women’s rights? a. She campaigned for women’s suffrage. b. She championed the rights of poor women. c. She demanded greater economic career opportunities for middle class women. d. She advocated for the rights of African-American women.

6. Question 167
How did the approach of the Black Panthers differ from the methods used by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr? a. Black Panthers were willing to use violence, while Dr. King used only nonviolence. b. Black Panthers believed in nonviolence, while Dr. King favored civil disobedience. c. Black Panthers sought to use the court system, while Dr. King preferred passive resistance. d. Black Panthers employed peaceful demonstrations, while Dr. King favored sit-ins and freedom rides.

7. Question 168
Which action led to the changes shown in the bar graphs? a. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 b. the passage of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act c. the introduction of Head Start programs d. an increase in the number of nonpublic schools

8. Question 169
Which book played a role in changing attitudes about traditional gender roles in American society? a. Common Sense b. The Jungle c. How the Other Half Lives d. The Feminine Mystique

9. Question 170
What was a major goal of the American Indian Movement (AIM)? a. to gain U.S. citizenship and representation in Congress b. to relocate American Indians to urban areas c. to obtain greater understanding of the American-Indian point of view d. to end segregation of American Indians in public places

10. Question 171
What action did Chavez take that was consistent with the message in this letter? a. organizing a farm workers’ union b. calling for stricter enforcement of immigration laws c. asking Congress to pass legislation for low- income housing d. promoting the takeover of large corporations by farms workers
Dear Mr. Barr, …This letter does not express all that is in my heart, Mr. Barr. But if it says nothing else it says that we do not hate you or rejoice to see your industry destroyed; we hate the agribusiness system [agricultural corporations] that seeks to keep us enslaved and we shall overcome and change it not by retaliation or bloodshed by a determined nonviolent struggle carried on by masses of farm workers who intend to be free. Sincerely Yours, Cesar E. Chavez --Cesar Chavez, letter to E.L. Barr, Jr., 1969, in Letters of a Nation

11. The Vietnam War
Essential Question: Why was the Vietnam War so controversial among Americans?

12. TEKS and Objectives
We will…
I will…
(8D) explain the reasons and outcomes for U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War (8E) analyze the major issues and events of the Vietnam War (8F) describe the responses to the Vietnam War (20A) describe the impact of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the War Powers Act (23B) evaluate the 26th Amendment (26F) discuss the importance of Roy Benavidez
Complete a graphic organizer in order to accurately compare and contrast the Korean and Vietnam War

13. The Vietnam War (1954-1973) Background Geneva Conference
Vietnam once a French colony in Indochina
Vietnamese wanted independence
Geneva Conference
Laos and Cambodia became independent states
Vietnam divided into two states

14. The Vietnam War (1954-1973) North Vietnam South Vietnam Communist
Supported by USSR/China
South Vietnam
Pro-Western “democratic” state

15. The Vietnam War (1954-1973) Vietcong Southern Vietnamese Communists
Began guerrilla war against government

16. The War Under Eisenhower and Kennedy (1954-1963)
Domino Theory
If South Vietnam fell to Communism, others would also fall
Eisenhower sends military group to train South Vietnam
Kennedy
Sent aid and military advisers
no troops

17. The War Under Johnson (1963-1969)
Gulf of Tonkin Incident (1964)
Johnson announced North Vietnam attacked U.S. ships in international waters
Johnson claimed it was an unprovoked attack
Years later it was revealed the ships were actually in North Vietnamese waters aiding South Vietnamese ships bombing North Vietnam

18. The War under Johnson (1963-1969)
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Johnson asked Congress for permission to launch airstrikes against North Vietnam
Congress gave LBJ broad military powers (Blank Check)
No declaration of war

19. LBJ Escalates the War American Troops Napalm
500,000 troops sent to fight in Vietnam in 1967
Napalm
Sticky gasoline-based jelly that burns
Used in bombs and flame throwers

20. LBJ Escalates the War Agent Orange
Herbicides used to destroy the jungle cover used by Vietcong to hide
Killed thousands of Vietnamese
Cause birth defects

21. LBJ Escalates the War The Tet Offensive
Series of major attacks by communist forces
Vietcong seized major cities and Saigon (South’s capital)
Brutal acts of terror committed
Turning point of the war in favor of the North

22. LBJ Escalates the War Roy Benavidez
Carried wounded soldiers to rescue- helicopters
Awarded Congressional Medal of Honor

23. Increasing Difficulties in Vietnam
Popularity of Nationalist Cause
North Vietnamese and many South Vietnamese wanted to reunify the country
South Vietnamese government weak and corrupt

24. Increasing Difficulties in Vietnam
Guerrilla Warfare
Unconventional warfare using the element of surprise
Extremely deadly and effective against American troops
American soldiers unfamiliar with language, people, or physical environment
Communists countries sent steady flow of supplies

25. American Public Opinion
Media Coverage
Newspapers, radio, T.V.
Influenced public opinion
First time Americans could watch damages of war

26. American Public Opinion
Credibility Gap
Difference from what is said and what is true
Public skepticism of the Johnson administration’s statements about the war
Johnson claimed U.S. winning
Journalists reported otherwise

27. American Public Opinion
American “Doves”
Believed U.S. acted immorally
Wanted U.S. to withdraw troops
American “Hawks”
People who supported the war’s goals
Wanted U.S to send more troops

28. The War under Nixon (1969-1973) Election of 1968
LBJ declined to run for reelection
Democratic candidate Robert Kennedy assassinated
Democrats divided on Vietnam War

29. The War Under Nixon (1969-1973) Richard Nixon (R)
Elected President in 1968
Promised Americans “peace with honor” in Vietnam

30. The War Under Nixon (1969-1973) Draft Lottery (December 1969)
U.S. Selective Service System randomly selected men to fight in Vietnam
Thousands of young men forced to serve
26th Amendment
Lowered the voting age to 18
Ratified in 1971

31. The War Under Nixon (1969-1973) Vietnamization
U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam
Slowly turning the fight from U.S. forces to South Vietnamese forces
Increased bombing of North Vietnam
Provided military aid to the south

32. The War Under Nixon (1969-1973) Invasion of Cambodia
U.S. tried to cut supply routes from North to South through Cambodia
Diplomatic Overtures
Nixon negotiated with China and the Soviet Union to put pressure on North Vietnam

33. Anti-War Movement Protest Marches The Draft
Marches take place in Washington, D.C., New York
The Draft
Thousands of draftees refuse to serve
Burned draft cards in protest

34. Anti-War Movement Kent State Massacre (1970) Silent Majority
Unarmed students held protest rally
National Guard killed four, wounded 9 others
Silent Majority
Nixon insisted most Americans supported the war

35. Anti-War Movement Pentagon Papers Leaked government documents
Published in the New York Times
Proved Presidents before Nixon lied about Vietnam
Knew they could not win; did not want to disgrace their Presidency

36. The End of the War Henry Kissinger Secretary of State
Negotiated a cease-fire with North Vietnam
Nixon agreed to pull remaining troops
North Vietnam released American POWs

37. The End of the War Fall of Saigon
South Vietnamese could not stop the North alone
South Vietnamese capital fell to communists
Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam unified under Communist rule

38. Legacy of the War Death and Destruction
Over 58,000 Americans died; many suffered physical/psychological injuries
Over 1 million Vietnamese killed; many left homeless

39. Legacy of the War War Powers Act (1973)
Requires President to inform Congress within 48 hours on sending troops to fight
If Congress does not approve within 60 days, President must withdraw